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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Spatial distribution of Δ~(14)CO_2 across Eurasia: Measurements from the TROICA-8 expedition
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Spatial distribution of Δ~(14)CO_2 across Eurasia: Measurements from the TROICA-8 expedition

机译：整个欧亚大陆中Δ〜（14）CO_2的空间分布：TROICA-8探险队的测量

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摘要

Because fossil fuel derived CO2 is the only source of atmospheric CO2 that is devoid of Δ~(14)C, atmospheric measurements of Δ~(14)CO_2 can be used to constrain fossil fuel emission estimates at local and regional scales. However, at the continental scale, uncertainties in atmospheric transport and other sources of variability in Δ~(14)CO_2 may influence the fossil fuel detection capability. We present a set of Δ~(14)CO_2 observations from the train-based TROICA-8 expedition across Eurasia in March-April 2004. Local perturbations in Δ~(14)CO_2 are caused by easily identifiable sources from nuclear reactors and localized pollution events. The remaining data show an increase in Δ~(14)CO_2 from Western Russia (40° E) to Eastern Siberia (120° E), consistent with depletion in ~(14)CO_2 caused by fossil fuel CO_2 emissions in heavily populated Europe, and gradual dispersion of the fossil fuel plume across Northern Asia. Other trace gas species which may be correlated with fossil fuel CO_2 emissions, including carbon monoxide, sulphur hexafluoride, and perchloroethylene, were also measured and the results compared with the Δ~(14)CO_2 measurements. The sulphur hexafluoride longitudinal gradient is not significant relative to the measurement uncertainty. Carbon monoxide and perchloroethylene show large-scale trends of enriched values in Western Russia and decreasing values in Eastern Siberia, consistent with fossil fuel emissions, but exhibit significant spatial variability, especially near their primary sources in Western Russia.The clean air Δ~(14)CO_2 observations are compared with simulated spatial gradients from the TM5 atmospheric transport model. We show that the change in Δ~(14)CO_2 across the TROICA transect is due almost entirely to emissions of fossil fuel CO_2, but that the magnitude of this 114CO2 gradient is relatively insensitive to modest uncertainties in the fossil fuel flux. In contrast, the Δ ~(14)CO_2 gradient is more sensitive to the modeled representation of vertical mixing, suggesting that Δ~(14)CO _2 may be a useful tracer for training mixing in atmospheric transport models.
机译：由于化石燃料产生的CO2是唯一没有Δ〜（14）C的大气CO2来源，因此可以使用大气中Δ〜（14）CO_2的测量值来限制局部和区域尺度的化石燃料排放估算。然而，在大陆范围内，大气传输的不确定性和Δ〜（14）CO_2的其他可变性来源可能会影响化石燃料的探测能力。我们提供了2004年3月至4月横跨欧亚大陆的火车TROICA-8探险队的一组Δ〜（14）CO_2观测值。Δ〜（14）CO_2的局部扰动是由容易识别的核反应堆来源和局部污染引起的事件。其余数据显示，从俄罗斯西部（40°E）到西伯利亚东部（120°E）的Δ〜（14）CO_2有所增加，这与欧洲人口稠密的化石燃料CO_2排放导致的〜（14）CO_2减少，和化石燃料羽流在北亚逐渐扩散。还测量了其他可能与化石燃料CO_2排放相关的微量气体，包括一氧化碳，六氟化硫和全氯乙烯，并将结果与​​Δ〜（14）CO_2测量值进行了比较。六氟化硫的纵向梯度相对于测量不确定度而言并不重要。一氧化碳和四氯乙烯在俄罗斯西部呈现出大量的富集趋势，而在西伯利亚东部呈现出下降的趋势，这与化石燃料的排放量一致，但表现出明显的空间变异性，尤其是在俄罗斯西部的主要来源附近。清洁空气Δ〜（14将CO_2观测值与TM5大气传输模型中模拟的空间梯度进行比较。我们显示，TROICA横断面上的Δ〜（14）CO_2的变化几乎完全归因于化石燃料CO_2的排放，但这种114CO2梯度的大小相对不敏感于化石燃料通量的不确定性。相比之下，Δ〜（14）CO_2梯度对垂直混合的模型表示更为敏感，表明Δ〜（14）CO_2可能是训练大气传输模型中混合的有用示踪剂。

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