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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Large differences in reanalyses of diabatic heating in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
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Large differences in reanalyses of diabatic heating in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

机译：热带对流层上层和平流层下层非绝热加热再分析的巨大差异

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We present the time mean heat budgets of the tropical upper troposphere (UT) and lower stratosphere (LS) as simulated by five reanalysis models: the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), European Reanalysis (ERA-Interim), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), Japanese 25-yr Reanalysis and Japan Meteorological Agency Climate Data Assimilation System (JRA-25/JCDAS), and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis 1. The simulated diabatic heat budget in the tropical UTLS differs significantly from model to model, with substantial implications for representations of transport and mixing. Large differences are apparent both in the net heat budget and in all comparable individual components, including latent heating, heating due to radiative transfer, and heating due to parameterised vertical mixing. We describe and discuss the most pronounced differences. Discrepancies in latent heating reflect continuing difficulties in representing moist convection in models. Although these discrepancies may be expected, their magnitude is still disturbing. We pay particular attention to discrepancies in radiative heating (which may be surprising given the strength of observational constraints on temperature and tropospheric water vapour) and discrepancies in heating due to turbulent mixing (which have received comparatively little attention). The largest differences in radiative heating in the tropical UTLS are attributable to differences in cloud radiative heating, but important systematic differences are present even in the absence of clouds. Local maxima in heating and cooling due to parameterised turbulent mixing occur in the vicinity of the tropical tropopause.
机译：我们介绍了由五个再分析模型模拟的热带对流层上层（UT）和平流层下层（LS）的时间平均热量收支：现代时代的研究和应用回顾性分析（MERRA），欧洲的再分析（ERA-Interim），气候预测系统再分析（CFSR），日本25年再分析和日本气象厅气候数据同化系统（JRA-25 / JCDAS），以及国家环境预测中心/国家大气研究中心（NCEP / NCAR）再分析1。热带UTLS中模拟的非绝热热量收支因模型而异，对运输和混合的表示有重大影响。在净热量预算和所有可比较的单个组件中，包括潜热，由于辐射传递引起的加热和因参数化垂直混合引起的加热，都存在明显的差异。我们描述和讨论最明显的差异。潜热的差异反映了在模型中表示潮湿对流的持续困难。尽管可以预料到这些差异，但是它们的数量仍然令人不安。我们特别注意辐射加热的差异（鉴于对温度和对流层水蒸气的观测约束的强度，这可能令人惊讶）和湍流混合导致的加热差异（受到的关注相对较少）。热带UTLS中辐射加热的最大差异是由于云辐射加热的差异，但即使没有云也存在重要的系统差异。在热带对流层顶附近，由于参数化湍流混合而产生的局部加热和冷却最大值。

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