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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Correlation slopes of GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, and GEM/CH4 and estimated mercury emissions in China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia derived from observations in northwestern and southwestern China
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Correlation slopes of GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, and GEM/CH4 and estimated mercury emissions in China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia derived from observations in northwestern and southwestern China

机译：GEM / CO，GEM / CO2和GEM / CH4与中国，南亚，印度支那半岛和中亚的估计汞排放量的相关斜率是根据对中国西北和西南地区的观测得出的

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摘要

Correlation analyses between atmospheric mercury (Hg) and other trace gases are useful for identification of sources and constraining regional Hg emissions. Emissions of Hg in Asia contribute significantly to the global budget of atmospheric Hg. However, due to the lack of reliable data on the source strength, large uncertainties remain in the emission inventories of Hg in Asia. In the present study, we calculated the correlation slopes of GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, and GEM/CH4 for mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia using the ground-based observations at three remote sites in northwestern and southwestern China, and applied these values to estimate GEM emissions in the four source regions. The geometric mean GEM/CO correlation slopes for mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia were 7.3 +/- 4.3, 7.8 +/- 6.4, 7.8 +/- 5.0, and 13.4 +/- 9.5 pg m(-3) ppb(-1), respectively, and values in the same source regions were 33.3 +/- 30.4, 27.4 +/- 31.0, 23.5 +/- 15.3, and 20.5 +/- 10.0 pg m(-3) ppb(-1) for the GEM/CH4 correlation slopes, respectively. The geometric means of GEM/CO2 correlation slopes for mainland China, South Asia, and Central Asia were 240 +/- 119, 278 +/- 164, 315 +/- 289 pg m(-3) ppm(-1), respectively. These values were the first reported correlation slopes of GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, and GEM/CH4 in four important source regions of Asia, not including the GEM/CO ratios in mainland China. The correlation slopes of GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, and GEM/CH4 in Asia were relatively higher than those observed in Europe, North America, and South Africa, which may highlight GEM emissions from nonferrous smelting, large-scale and artisanal mercury and gold production, natural sources, and historically deposited mercury (re-emission) in Asia. Using the observed GEM/CO and GEM/CO2 slopes, and the recently reported emission inventories of CO and CO2, the annual GEM emissions in mainland China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia were estimated to be in the ranges of 1071-1187, 340-470, 125, and 54-90 t, respectively. The estimated quantity of GEM emissions from the GEM/CH4 correlation slopes is significantly larger, which may be due to the larger uncertainties in CH4 emissions in Asia as well as insufficient observations of GEM/CH4 correlation slopes, therefore leading to an overestimate of GEM emissions. Our estimates of GEM emissions in the four Asian regions were significantly higher (3-4 times) than the anthropogenic GEM emissions reported in recent studies. This discrepancy could come from a combination of reasons including underestimates of anthropogenic and natural GEM emissions; large uncertainties related to CO, CO2, and CH4 emission inventories; and inherent limitations of the correlation slope method.
机译：大气汞（Hg）与其他痕量气体之间的相关分析对于确定来源和限制区域性Hg排放很有用。亚洲的汞排放量对大气汞的全球预算有很大贡献。但是，由于缺乏有关源强度的可靠数据，亚洲汞的排放清单仍存在很大的不确定性。在本研究中，我们使用西北和北美洲三个偏远地区的地面观测资料，计算了中国大陆，南亚，印度支那半岛和中亚的GEM / CO，GEM / CO2和GEM / CH4的相关斜率。中国西南地区，并应用这些值来估算四个来源地区的GEM排放量。中国大陆，南亚，印度支那半岛和中亚的GEM / CO几何平均相关斜率分别为7.3 +/- 4.3、7.8 +/- 6.4、7.8 +/- 5.0和13.4 +/- 9.5 pg m（ -3）ppb（-1），并且相同源区域中的值分别为33.3 +/- 30.4、27.4 +/- 31.0、23.5 +/- 15.3和20.5 +/- 10.0 pg m（-3）ppb （-1）分别用于GEM / CH4相关斜率。中国大陆，南亚和中亚的GEM / CO2相关斜率的几何平均值分别为240 +/- 119、278 +/- 164、315 +/- 289 pg m（-3）ppm（-1） 。这些值是亚洲四个重要来源地区中GEM / CO，GEM / CO2和GEM / CH4的首次报道的相关斜率，不包括中国大陆的GEM / CO比。亚洲的GEM / CO，GEM / CO2和GEM / CH4的相关斜率相对高于欧洲，北美和南非的相关斜率，这可能突出了有色金属冶炼，大规模和手工汞以及亚洲的黄金生产，自然资源和历史沉积的汞（再排放）。使用观测到的GEM / CO和GEM / CO2斜率，以及最近报告的CO和CO2排放清单，估计中国大陆，南亚，印度支那半岛和中亚的年度GEM排放量在1071的范围内-1187、340-470、125和54-90吨。 GEM / CH4相关斜率估计的GEM排放量明显更大，这可能是由于亚洲CH4排放的不确定性较大，以及对GEM / CH4相关斜率的观测不足，因此导致GEM排放量被高估了。我们对亚洲四个地区的GEM排放量的估计比最近研究报告的人为GEM排放量高得多（3-4倍）。这种差异可能来自多种原因，包括人为和自然GEM排放的低估;与CO，CO2和CH4排放清单有关的较大不确定性;和相关斜率方法的固有局限性。

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