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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Annual variations of carbonaceous PM2.5 in Malaysia: influence by Indonesian peatland fires
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Annual variations of carbonaceous PM2.5 in Malaysia: influence by Indonesian peatland fires

机译：马来西亚含碳PM2.5的年度变化：印度尼西亚泥炭大火的影响

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In this study, we quantified carbonaceous PM2.5 in Malaysia through annual observations of PM2.5, focusing on organic compounds derived from biomass burning. We determined organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon and concentrations of solvent-extractable organic compounds (biomarkers derived from biomass burning sources and n-alkanes). We observed seasonal variations in the concentrations of pyrolyzed OC (OP), levoglucosan (LG), mannosan (MN), galactosan, syringaldehyde, vanillic acid (VA) and cholesterol. The average concentrations of OP, LG, MN, galactosan, VA and cholesterol were higher during the southwestern monsoon season (June-September) than during the northeastern monsoon season (December-March), and these differences were statistically significant. Conversely, the syringaldehyde concentration during the southwestern monsoon season was lower. The PM2.5 OP / OC4 mass ratio allowed distinguishing the seven samples, which have been affected by the Indonesian peatland fires (IPFs). In addition, we observed significant differences in the concentrations between the Indonesian peatland fire (IPF) and other samples of many chemical species. Thus, the chemical characteristics of PM2.5 in Malaysia appeared to be significantly influenced by IPFs during the southwestern monsoon season. Furthermore, we evaluated two indicators, the vanillic acid / syringic acid (VA / SA) and LG / MN mass ratios, which have been suggested as indicators of IPFs. The LG / MN mass ratio ranged from 14 to 22 in the IPF samples and from 11 to 31 in the other samples. Thus, the respective variation ranges partially overlapped. Consequently, this ratio did not satisfactorily reflect the effects of IPFs in Malaysia. In contrast, the VA / SA mass ratio may serve as a good indicator, since it significantly differed between the IPF and other samples. However, the OP / OC4 mass ratio provided more remarkable differences than the VA/SA mass ratio, offering an even better indicator. Finally, we extracted biomass burning emissions' sources such as IPF, softwood/hardwood burning and meat cooking through varimax-rotated principal component analysis.
机译：在这项研究中，我们通过对PM2.5的年度观测来量化马来西亚的碳质PM2.5，重点是生物质燃烧产生的有机化合物。我们确定了有机碳（OC），元素碳和可通过溶剂萃取的有机化合物（源自生物质燃烧源和正构烷烃的生物标志物）的浓度。我们观察到了热解OC（OP），左旋葡聚糖（LG），甘露聚糖（MN），半乳糖聚糖，丁香醛，香草酸（VA）和胆固醇浓度的季节性变化。在西南季风季节（6月至9月），OP，LG，MN，半乳糖聚糖，VA和胆固醇的平均浓度高于东北季风季节（12月至3月），这些差异具有统计学意义。相反，西南季风季节的丁香醛浓度较低。 PM2.5 OP / OC4的质量比可以区分七个样品，这些样品已受到印尼泥炭大火（IPF）的影响。此外，我们观察到印度尼西亚泥炭地大火（IPF）与许多化学物种的其他样品之间的浓度存在显着差异。因此，在西南季风季节，马来西亚的PM2.5的化学特性似乎受到IPF的显着影响。此外，我们评估了两个指标，香草酸/丁香酸（VA / SA）和LG / MN质量比，这些指标已被建议作为IPF的指标。 IPF样本中LG / MN的质量比在14到22之间，其他样本中LG / MN的质量比在11到31之间。因此，各个变化范围部分重叠。因此，该比率不能令人满意地反映马来西亚指规数的影响。相反，由于VA / SA质量比在IPF和其他样品之间存在显着差异，因此可以作为一个很好的指标。但是，OP / OC4质量比与VA / SA质量比相比，差异更大，提供了更好的指标。最后，我们通过方差极大值旋转的主成分分析提取了生物质燃烧排放源，例如IPF，软木/硬木燃烧和肉类烹饪。

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