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Inverse modeling of Texas NO_x emissions using space-based and ground-based NO_2 observations

机译：使用基于天基和地面的NO_2观测值对德克萨斯州NO_x排放量进行反演

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Inverse modeling of nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emissions using satellite-based NO_2 observations has become more prevalent in recent years, but has rarely been applied to regulatory modeling at regional scales. In this study, OMI satellite observations of NO_2 column densities are used to conduct inverse modeling of NO_x emission inventories for two Texas State Implementation Plan (SIP) modeling episodes. Addition of lightning, aircraft, and soil NO_x emissions to the regulatory inventory narrowed but did not close the gap between modeled and satellite-observed NO_2 over rural regions. Satellite-based top-down emission inventories are created with the regional Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx) using two techniques: the direct scaling method and discrete Kalman filter (DKF) with decoupled direct method (DDM) sensitivity analysis. The simulations with satellite-inverted inventories are compared to the modeling results using the a priori inventory as well as an inventory created by a ground-level NO_2-based DKF inversion. The DKF inversions yield conflicting results: the satellite-based inversion scales up the a priori NO_x emissions in most regions by factors of 1.02 to 1.84, leading to 3-55% increase in modeled NO_2 column densities and 1-7 ppb increase in ground 8 h ozone concentrations, while the groundbased inversion indicates the a priori NO_x emissions should be scaled by factors of 0.34 to 0.57 in each region. However, none of the inversions improve the model performance in simulating aircraft-observed NO_2 or ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations.
机译：近年来，使用基于卫星的NO_2观测值对氮氧化物（NO_x）排放量进行反向建模已变得越来越普遍，但很少在区域规模的监管模型中应用。在这项研究中，OMI卫星对NO_2列密度的观测被用于对两个德克萨斯州实施计划（SIP）建模事件进行NO_x排放清单的反向建模。在管制清单中增加了闪电，飞机和土壤NO_x的排放量，但缩小了农村地区模拟和卫星观测的NO_2之间的差距。基于卫星的自上而下的排放清单是使用两种技术通过扩展的区域综合空气质量模型（CAMx）创建的：直接缩放方法和具有解耦直接方法（DDM）灵敏度分析的离散卡尔曼滤波器（DKF）。使用先验清单以及由基于NO_2的基于地面的DKF反演创建的清单，将卫星转化清单的仿真结果与建模结果进行比较。 DKF反演产生矛盾的结果：基于卫星的反演将大多数地区的先验NO_x排放放大1.02至1.84倍，导致模拟NO_2色谱柱密度增加3-55％，地面上增加1-7 ppb。 h臭氧浓度，而地面反演表明每个区域的先验NO_x排放量应按0.34至0.57的比例缩放。但是，在模拟飞机观测到的NO_2或地面臭氧（O3）浓度时，没有任何一种反演能够改善模型性能。

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