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A global historical ozone data set and prominent features of stratospheric variability prior to 1979

机译：1979年之前的全球历史臭氧数据集和平流层变化的突出特征

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摘要

We present a vertically resolved zonal mean monthly mean global ozone data set spanning the period 1901 to 2007, called HISTOZ.1.0. It is based on a new approach that combines information from an ensemble of chemistry climate model (CCM) simulations with historical total column ozone information. The CCM simulations incorporate important external drivers of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics (in particular solar and volcanic effects, greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances, sea surface temperatures, and the quasi-biennial oscillation). The historical total column ozone observations include ground-based measurements from the 1920s onward and satellite observations from 1970 to 1976. An off-line data assimilation approach is used to combine model simulations, observations, and information on the observation error. The period starting in 1979 was used for validation with existing ozone data sets and therefore only ground-based measurements were assimilated. Results demonstrate considerable skill from the CCM simulations alone. Assimilating observations provides additional skill for total column ozone. With respect to the vertical ozone distribution, assimilating observations increases on average the correlation with a reference data set, but does not decrease the mean squared error. Analyses of HISTOZ.1.0 with respect to the effects of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and of the 11 yr solar cycle on stratospheric ozone from 1934 to 1979 qualitatively confirm previous studies that focussed on the post-1979 period. The ENSO signature exhibits a much clearer imprint of a change in strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation compared to the post-1979 period. The imprint of the 11 yr solar cycle is slightly weaker in the earlier period. Furthermore, the total column ozone increase from the 1950s to around 1970 at northern mid-latitudes is briefly discussed. Indications for contributions of a tropospheric ozone increase, greenhouse gases, and changes in atmospheric circulation are found. Finally, the paper points at several possible future improvements of HISTOZ.1.0.
机译：我们提出了一个垂直解析的区域平均月平均全球臭氧数据集，其范围为1901年至2007年，称为HISTOZ.1.0。它基于一种新方法，该方法将来自化学气候模型（CCM）模拟集合的信息与历史总柱臭氧信息相结合。 CCM模拟结合了平流层化学和动力学（尤其是太阳和火山作用，温室气体和臭氧消耗物质，海面温度以及准两年期振荡）的重要外部驱动因素。历史上的总柱臭氧观测值包括1920年代以后的地面观测值和1970至1976年的卫星观测值。离线数据同化方法用于组合模型模拟，观测值和有关观测误差的信息。从1979年开始的这段时间用于验证现有的臭氧数据集，因此仅吸收了地面测量数据。结果证明，仅从CCM模拟中就具有相当的技巧。吸收观测值可以提供总柱臭氧的其他技能。关于垂直臭氧分布，同化观测平均会增加与参考数据集的相关性，但不会降低均方误差。对HISTOZ.1.0关于El Ni？o-南方涛动（ENSO）的影响以及1934年至1979年11年太阳周期对平流层臭氧的影响进行的定性分析证实了以前集中于1979年后时期的研究。与1979年以后的时期相比，ENSO签名更清楚地显示了Brewer-Dobson环流强度的变化。在较早时期，11年太阳周期的影响略弱。此外，简要讨论了从1950年代到1970年左右的北中纬度总臭氧柱的增加。发现了对流层臭氧增加，温室气体和大气环流变化的贡献指标。最后，本文指出了HISTOZ.1.0未来可能进行的一些改进。

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