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首页> 外文期刊>IBIS >Time budgets of Snow Geese Chen caerulescens and Ross's Geese Chen rossii in mixed flocks: implications of body size, ambient temperature and family associations
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Time budgets of Snow Geese Chen caerulescens and Ross's Geese Chen rossii in mixed flocks: implications of body size, ambient temperature and family associations

机译：混合鸡群中雪雁陈油菜和罗斯雁陈rossii的时间预算：体重，环境温度和家庭关系的影响

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摘要

Body size affects foraging and forage intake rates directly via energetic processes and indirectly through interactions with social status and social behaviour. Ambient temperature has a relatively greater effect on the energetics of smaller species, which also generally are more vulnerable to predator attacks than are larger species. We examined variability in an index of intake rates and an index of alertness in Lesser Snow Geese Chen caerulescens caerulescens and Ross's Geese Chen rossii wintering in southwest Louisiana. Specifically we examined variation in these response variables that could be attributed to species, age, family size and ambient temperature. We hypothesized that the smaller Ross's Geese would spend relatively more time feeding, exhibit relatively higher peck rates, spend more time alert or raise their heads up from feeding more frequently, and would respond to declining temperatures by increasing their proportion of time spent feeding. As predicted, we found that Ross's Geese spent more time feeding than did Snow Geese and had slightly higher peck rates than Snow Geese in one of two winters. Ross's Geese spent more time alert than did Snow Geese in one winter, but alert rates differed by family size, independent of species, in contrast to our prediction. In one winter, time spent foraging and walking was inversely related to average daily temperature, but both varied independently of species. Effects of age and family size on time budgets were generally independent of species and in accordance with previous studies. We conclude that body size is a key variable influencing time spent feeding in Ross's Geese, which may require a high time spent feeding at the expense of other activities.
机译：体型直接通过精力充沛的过程影响觅食和摄食率，间接地通过与社会地位和社会行为的相互作用而影响。环境温度对较小物种的能量有相对较大的影响，与较大物种相比，较小物种通常也更容易受到捕食者的攻击。我们研究了路易斯安那西南部越冬的小雪雁陈油菜和罗斯的鹅陈油菜的摄入率指数和警觉性指标的差异。具体来说，我们研究了这些响应变量的变化，这些变化可能归因于物种，年龄，家庭规模和环境温度。我们假设较小的罗斯鹅会花费相对更多的时间进食，表现出相对较高的啄食率，花费更多的时间警觉或抬起头来避免更频繁地进食，并且会通过增加其进食时间比例来应对温度下降。正如预测的那样，我们发现罗斯的鹅在喂饲上花费的时间比雪雁多，并且在两个冬季之一中啄食率比雪雁高。与一个冬天相比，罗斯的鹅在一个冬天花在雪雁上的时间比雪雁花的时间更多，但与我们的预测相反，警报发生率因家庭人数而异，与物种无关。在一个冬天，觅食和散步所花费的时间与日平均温度成反比，但两者均独立于物种而变化。根据先前的研究，年龄和家庭规模对时间预算的影响通常与物种无关。我们得出结论，身体大小是影响罗斯大雁进食时间的关键变量，这可能需要花费大量时间来牺牲其他活动。

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