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首页> 外文期刊>Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications >A COMBINATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSES TO MEASURE THE COMPRESSIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TENNIS BALL
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A COMBINATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSES TO MEASURE THE COMPRESSIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TENNIS BALL

机译：实验和数值分析相结合的测量网球的力学性能

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摘要

Tennis is almost a newly born sport (1859) that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each, namely doubles. Materially, tennis balls were made of cloth strips stitched together from thread. They have also been made of hollow rubber with a felt coating appearing in different colors from traditionally white to yellow in the recent years to permit their visibility. Although the most common injuries associated with tennis have been reported to be related to rotator cuff, elbow, wrist, anterior knee pain, and ankle, the injury that a tennis ball can cause, for example, for eye is still not clear. However, as the tennis ball can reach to a speed of 260km/h, it seems vital to understand its mechanical properties to have a deep insight into the injury that can happen during playing. Therefore, this study aimed to perform an experimental study to evaluate the linear elastic and nonlinear hyperelastic mechanical properties of the tennis ball under compressive loading. To do this, 40 numbers of approved tennis balls by international tennis federation (ITF) were prepared and subjected to a series of compressive loadings. The strain of the balls was measured via a pair of CCD cameras using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The results revealed the mean elastic modulus, maximum stress, and strain of 336.69 kPa, 410.15 kPa, and 66%, for the tennis balls, respectively. The nonlinear mechanical behavior of the tennis balls were also computationally investigated through a hyperelastic material model, namely Ogden. Finally, a finite element (FE) model was executed to verify the hyperelastic data with that of experimental and, interestingly, the numerical data were in good agreement with experimental ones. The findings of this study may have implications not only for understanding the compressive mechanical properties of the tennis ball, but also for investigating the injury that can occur in the human body by tennis ball, especially the eye.
机译：网球几乎是一项新生的运动（1859年），可以与单个对手（单打）单独进行，也可以在两支球队（每支两名球员）之间进行，即双打。实质上，网球是用线缝在一起的布条制成的。它们还由中空橡胶制成，具有毡涂层，近年来从传统的白色到黄色出现了不同的颜色，以使其具有可见性。尽管据报道与网球相关的最常见伤害与肩袖，肘，腕，前膝关节疼痛和脚踝有关，但网球对眼睛造成的伤害仍不清楚。但是，由于网球可以达到260 km / h的速度，因此了解其机械性能以深入了解比赛中可能发生的伤害似乎至关重要。因此，本研究旨在进行实验研究，以评估压缩载荷下网球的线性弹性和非线性超弹性力学性能。为此，准备了40个国际网球联合会（ITF）批准的网球，并对其施加了一系列压缩载荷。球的应变是通过使用数字图像相关（DIC）技术的一对CCD摄像机测量的。结果显示网球的平均弹性模量，最大应力和应变分别为336.69 kPa，410.15 kPa和66％。还通过超弹性材料模型Ogden对网球的非线性力学行为进行了计算研究。最后，执行了有限元模型来验证超弹性数据与实验数据，有趣的是，数值数据与实验数据吻合良好。这项研究的发现可能不仅对理解网球的压缩机械性能有影响，而且对研究网球尤其是眼睛对人体可能造成的伤害也有影响。

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