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首页> 外文期刊>Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry >Phytoestrogens: The Phytochemicals of Nutraceutical Importance
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Phytoestrogens: The Phytochemicals of Nutraceutical Importance

机译：植物雌激素：植物营养素的重要性

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Phytoestrogens (PE) are the phytochemicals quite similar in structure and function to gonadal estrogen hormone. They are potential alternatives to the synthetic selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which are currently applied in hormone replacement therapy. On the basis of chemical structure PE can be classified as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumestans, stilbenes, lignans and terpenoids. Isoflavones have the capacity to act like an estrogen and provide health benefits. Soybean is rich in isoflavones like genistein, daidzein and their methyl ether derivatives, biochanin A and formononetin. Consumption of these in high quantities is associated with reduced risk of osteoporosis and related health problems. The main dietary source of phytoestrogenic stilbenes is frans-resveratrol from red wine and peanuts. Coumestrol and 4'-methoxy-coumestrol are two potent members of coumestans mainly found in sprouted legumes. Secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol are two lignan dimers, which are not estrogenic by themselves, but readily convert to the mammalian lignans, enterodiol and enterolactone, respectively and have estrogenic, antiviral, antifungal and antioxidant activities. Terpenoids (ferutinine, tschimgine, and tschimganidine) found in the Umbelliferae family have estrogenic activities. Ferutinine and tschimganidine are sesquiterpenoids and tschimgine is a monoterpenoid. In females, life is affected by a variety of estrogen-related conditions such as osteoporosis, cognitive and cardiovasculardecline, increased risk of breast cancer and other symptoms that decrease the overall quality of life. Phytoestrogens are effective in maintaining bone mineral density (BMD), prevent bone loss, and help in the prevention and/ or treatment of such healthrelated problems. Diet rich in plant-derived products may supply a variety of phytoestrogens capable of producing a range of pharmacological effects and protection from various diseases. Postmenopausal women who have the greatest risk of breast cancer should be encouraged to increase phytoestrogens intake.
机译：植物雌激素（PE）是与性腺雌激素激素在结构和功能上非常相似的植物化学物质。它们是合成的选择性雌激素受体调节剂（SERM）的潜在替代品，后者目前已应用于激素替代疗法。根据化学结构，PE可以分类为类黄酮，异类黄酮，香豆素，丁苯醚，木脂素和萜类化合物。异黄酮具有像雌激素一样的作用并提供健康益处。大豆富含异黄酮，如染料木黄酮，黄豆苷元及其甲基醚衍生物，生物chanin A和formononetin。大量摄入这些物质可降低骨质疏松症的风险和相关的健康问题。植物性雌二醇的主要饮食来源是红酒和花生中的白藜芦醇。香豆酚和4'-甲氧基-香豆酚是香豆素的两个有效成员，主要存在于发芽的豆类中。异麦芽香油烯醇和麦草甾醇是两个木脂素二聚体，它们本身不是雌激素，但容易分别转化为哺乳动物的木脂素，肠二醇和肠内酯，并具有雌激素，抗病毒，抗真菌和抗氧化活性。伞形科中发现的萜类化合物（白藜芦醇，tschimgine和tschimganidine）具有雌激素活性。杜鹃花碱和tschimganidine是倍半萜，tschimgine是单萜。在女性中，生活受到多种与雌激素有关的状况的影响，例如骨质疏松症，认知和心血管疾病的下降，罹患乳腺癌的风险增加以及其他降低整体生活质量的症状。植物雌激素可有效维持骨矿物质密度（BMD），防止骨质流失，并有助于预防和/或治疗此类与健康有关的问题。富含植物源性产品的饮食可以提供多种植物雌激素，这些植物雌激素能够产生多种药理作用并保护各种疾病。应该鼓励绝经后女性中罹患乳腺癌的风险最大，以增加植物雌激素的摄入量。

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