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首页> 外文期刊>Annual review of marine science >The Molecular Ecophysiology of Programmed Cell Death in Marine Phytoplankton
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The Molecular Ecophysiology of Programmed Cell Death in Marine Phytoplankton

机译：海洋浮游植物程序性细胞死亡的分子生态生理学

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Planktonic, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic photoautotrophs (phytoplankton) share a diverse and ancient evolutionary history, during which time they have played key roles in regulating marine food webs, biogeochemical cycles, and Earth's climate. Because phytoplankton represent the basis of marine ecosystems, the manner in which they die critically determines the flow and fate of photosynthetically fixed organicmatter (and associated elements), ultimately constraining upper-ocean biogeochemistry. Programmed cell death (PCD) and associated pathway genes, which are triggered by a variety of nutrient stressors and are employed by parasitic viruses, play an integral role in determining the cell fate of diverse photoautotrophs in the modern ocean. Indeed, these multifaceted death pathways continue to shape the success and evolutionary trajectory of diverse phytoplankton lineages at sea. Research over the past two decades has employed physiological, biochemical, and genetic techniques to provide a novel, comprehensive, mechanistic understanding of the factors controlling this key process. Here, I discuss the current understanding of the genetics, activation, and regulation of PCD pathways in marine model systems; how PCD evolved in unicellular photoautotrophs; how it mechanistically interfaces with viral infection pathways; how stress signals are sensed and transduced into cellular responses; and how novel molecular and biochemical tools are revealing the impact of PCD genes on the fate of natural phytoplankton assemblages.
机译：浮游生物，原核生物和真核生物自养生物（浮游植物）有着悠久而多样的进化历史，在此期间，它们在调节海洋食物网，生物地球化学循环和地球气候方面发挥了关键作用。由于浮游植物是海洋生态系统的基础，因此它们的死亡方式决定了光合作用固定的有机物质（及相关元素）的流动和命运，最终限制了上层海洋生物地球化学。程序性细胞死亡（PCD）和相关的途径基因，由多种营养应激物触发，并被寄生病毒利用，在决定现代海洋中各种光合自养生物的细胞命运中起着不可或缺的作用。确实，这些多方面的死亡途径继续影响着海上各种浮游植物谱系的成功和进化轨迹。在过去的二十年中，研究已经采用了生理，生化和遗传技术，从而对控制这一关键过程的因素提供了新颖，全面，机械的理解。在这里，我将讨论海洋模型系统中PCD途径的遗传学，激活和调控的当前理解。 PCD如何在单细胞自养生物中进化;它如何与病毒感染途径进行机械连接;如何感测压力信号并将其转换为细胞反应;以及新颖的分子和生化工具如何揭示PCD基因对天然浮游植物组合命运的影响。

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