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首页> 外文期刊>Annual review of marine science >Whale-Fall Ecosystems: Recent Insights into Ecology, Paleoecology, and Evolution
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Whale-Fall Ecosystems: Recent Insights into Ecology, Paleoecology, and Evolution

机译：鲸降生态系统：对生态，古生态学和进化的最新见解

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摘要

Whale falls produce remarkable organic- and sulfide-rich habitat islands at the seafloor. The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in studies of modern and fossil whale remains, yielding exciting new insights into whale-fall ecosystems. Giant body sizes and especially high bone-lipid content allow great-whale carcasses to support a sequence of heterotrophic and chemosynthetic microbial assemblages in the energy-poor deep sea. Deep-sea metazoan communities at whale falls pass through a series of overlapping successional stages that vary with carcass size, water depth, and environmental conditions. These metazoan communities contain many new species and evolutionary novelties, including bone-eating worms and snails and a diversity of grazers on sulfur bacteria. Molecular and paleoecological studies suggest that whale falls have served as hot spots of adaptive radiation for a specialized fauna; they have also provided evolutionary stepping stones for vent and seep mussels and could have facilitated speciation in other vent/seep taxa.
机译：鲸鱼瀑布在海底产生了非凡的富含有机和硫化物的栖息岛。在过去的十年中，对现代鲸鱼和化石鲸鱼遗迹的研究急剧增加，对鲸鱼掉落的生态系统产生了令人兴奋的新见解。巨大的体型，特别是高的骨脂质含量，使得鲸鱼的cas体能够支撑能量贫乏的深海中的一系列异养和化学合成微生物组合。鲸鱼降落处的深海后生动物群落经历了一系列重叠的演替阶段，这些阶段随着car体大小，水深和环境条件的变化而变化。这些后生动物群落包含许多新物种和进化上的新颖性，包括食骨头的蠕虫和蜗牛以及硫细菌上的各种掠食者。分子和古生态学研究表明，鲸鱼掉落已成为特殊动物适应辐射的热点。他们还为发泄和渗出的贻贝提供了进化的垫脚石，并可能促进了其他发泄/深部分类的物种形成。

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