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首页> 外文期刊>American journal of human biology: the official journal of the Human Biology Council >Richer milk for sons but more milk for daughters: Sex-biased investment during lactation varies with maternal life history in Rhesus Macaques
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Richer milk for sons but more milk for daughters: Sex-biased investment during lactation varies with maternal life history in Rhesus Macaques

机译：儿子要喝牛奶多些，女儿要喝牛奶多些：哺乳期性别偏向的投资会因猕猴的母体生活史而异

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Lactation represents the greatest postnatal energetic expenditure for human and non-human primate females, and the ability to sustain the costs of lactation is influenced by a mother's physical condition. This is especially true for young mothers that initiate reproduction shortly after adolescence. These mothers have fewer bodily reserves available for lactation and face tradeoffs between reproduction and their own growth. Milk synthesis among captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was investigated at the California National Primate Research Center from 2005 to 2007 (N = 114). Rhesus macaques produced low energy density milk typical of the primate order, but there was substantial individual variation among mothers in both milk energy density and yield. As a consequence, the available milk energy (AME), the product of milk energy density and milk yield, to support infant growth, development, and activity, varied tenfold among mothers. Primiparous mothers (N = 40) had fewer bodily resources, as measured by mass and body mass index, available for lactation than did multiparous mothers (N = 74) and showed poorer lactational performance. Mothers of sons produced milk of higher energy density, especially primiparous mothers, but lower milk yield, such that AME was the same for sons and daughters. Although AME from the mother was the same for sons and daughters, there was significant sexual dimorphism in infant mass. These data indicate that selection has likely favored sex-specific regulation of growth and development that is not necessarily contingent on greater maternal investment.
机译：哺乳是人类和非人类灵长类动物最大的产后精力消耗，而维持泌乳成本的能力受母亲身体状况的影响。对于青春期后不久开始生育的年轻母亲而言，尤其如此。这些母亲的哺乳期身体储备较少，并且面临着繁殖与自身生长之间的权衡。 2005年至2007年，加利福尼亚国家灵长类动物研究中心对圈养恒河猴（猕猴）的牛奶合成进行了研究（N = 114）。恒河猴生产的低能量密度的牛奶通常是灵长类动物，但是母亲的牛奶能量密度和产量都有很大的个体差异。因此，母亲的可用牛奶能量（AME），即牛奶能量密度和牛奶产量的乘积，支持婴儿的生长，发育和活动，变化了十倍。按质量和体重指数衡量，初产母亲（N = 40）的可泌乳身体资源少于多产母亲（N = 74），并且泌乳性能较差。儿子的母亲生产的能量密度较高的牛奶，尤其是初产妈妈，但牛奶的产量较低，因此儿子和女儿的AME相同。尽管母亲的AME对于儿子和女儿都是相同的，但婴儿的体重存在明显的性二态性。这些数据表明，选择可能偏向于对性别的生长和发育进行特定的调节，而这并不一定取决于更大的孕产妇投资。

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