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首页> 外文期刊>Indian Journal of Small Ruminants >Nutrition and feeding of lambs for mutton production under tropical climates: a review.
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Nutrition and feeding of lambs for mutton production under tropical climates: a review.

机译：热带气候下羊肉的营养和羔羊饲养：综述。

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摘要

The present review focuses on nutrition and feeding of pre- and post-weaner lambs for improving nutrient intake, its utilization and body weight gain. A daily gain of 137 to 163 g can be achieved with feed conversion (feed/gain) ratio of 2.5 to 3.1, dry matter intake of 3.6 to 4.0% of live weight, DCP intake of 42.2 to 59.9 g and ME intake of 4.19 to 5.91 MJ/day and dietary contents of 8.0 to 8.9 MJ ME/kg and 7.5 to 8.5% DCP. To harvest optimum growth rate of pre-weaner lambs, ration should insure nitrogen intake of 12 to 16 g/day. The N intake of 109 mg (range 71 to 134 mg), ME intake of 5.14 kJ (4.19 to 5.91) and DM intake of 4.2 g (between 3.7 to 4.9 g) requires for each g of body weight gain during pre-weaning phase. An ADG of 150 g can be achieved in pre-weaner lambs with FCR of 2.66 from DM intake of 629 g/day or 3.6% of body weight on diet containing 8.22 MJ ME and 80 g DCP/kg. Crossbred lambs during post-weaning phase require dietary ME of 10.4 MJ/kg of diet and DCP of 10.44% to attain an ADG of 112 g (46 to 162 g). Lambs consume 74.68 g DCP and 886 g feed dry matter with N intake of 21.77 g/day accounting to 0.194 g N/g of gain, ME and DCP intake of 84 kJ (range 78.8 to 95.9 kJ) and 0.51 g/g of gain (range 0.35 to 0.60 g), respectively. Dry matter intake in crossbred lambs has poor relationship with average daily gain. Lambs consume 7.26 g dry matter/g of gain, with mean daily feed intake of 885.9 g for an average daily gain of 125.3 g, which ranged between 86 to 172 g/day. The dry matter intake in lambs was 3.81% which ranged from 3.5 to 4.2% of live weight during post-weaning phase of growth, while optimum level of dry matter intake is estimated as 3.65% of live weight. With optimum dry matter intake, lambs attain ADG of 136 g (108 to 162 g/day) and feed conversion ratio (feed/gain) of 6.94 (5.7 to 8.1). Native lambs during post-weaning phase attain average daily gain of 123 g, which range from 74 to 186 g under optimum nutrition. Under various feeding regimes, lambs daily consume 21.2 g of N (12.7 to 28.0 g), 783 g of feed DM (528 to 1040 g), 7.3 MJ of ME and 65.3 g of DCP, which accounts to 0.177 g of N (0.166 to 0.307 g), 6.6 g of feed DM (4.97 to 9.78 g), 59.6 kJ of ME and 0.62 g of DCP intake/g of gain.The feed conversion ratio of lambs can be predicted using mathematical equation. In native lambs, dietary requirement of 9.5 MJ ME and 9.04% DCP is estimated for ADG of 124 g with feed conversion ratio of 6.92. With the available research it was evident that native lambs in comparison to crossbred had better opportunity to grow beyond 180 g/day. Growth potential of native lambs was found to be similar and on some occasions better than crossbreds if exploited under optimum nutrition and feeding management. Thus caution, indeed precaution is needed before introducing cross breeding for enhancing mutton production.
机译：本综述着重于断奶前后断奶羔羊的营养和喂养，以提高其营养摄入，利用率和体重增加。饲料转化率（饲料/增重）为2.5到3.1，干物质摄入量为活重的3.6％至4.0％，DCP摄入量为42.2至59.9 g，ME摄入量为4.19至1.3 g，可以实现每天增重137至163 g。每天5.91 MJ，日粮含量为8.0至8.9 MJ ME / kg，DCP为7.5至8.5％。为了收获断奶前羔羊的最佳生长速度，应确保日粮中氮摄入量为12至16克/天。断奶前每增加1克体重，就需要109毫克的N摄入量（71至134毫克），ME摄入量5.14 kJ（4.19至5.91）和DM摄入量4.2 g（介于3.7至4.9 g之间）。 。断奶前羔羊的ADG为150 g，FC值为2.66（来自DM摄入量为629 g / day或按含8.22 MJ ME和80 g DCP / kg的日粮的体重的3.6％）。断奶后杂种羔羊的日粮ME为10.4 MJ / kg日粮，DCP为10.44％，才能达到112 g（46至162 g）的ADG。羔羊消耗74.68 g DCP和886 g饲料干物质，氮摄入量为21.77 g /天，占增重0.194 g N / g，ME和DCP摄入量为84 kJ（范围78.8至95.9 kJ）和0.51 g / g （范围从0.35到0.60 g）。杂种羊的干物质摄入量与平均日增重关系较差。羔羊每克增重消耗7.26克干物质，平均每日采食量为885.9克，平均日增重为125.3克，介于每天86至172克之间。断奶后阶段，羔羊干物质摄入量为3.81％，占活重的3.5％至4.2％，而最佳干物质摄入量估计为活重的3.65％。在最佳干物质摄入量下，羔羊的平均日增重为136克（108至162克/天），饲料转化率（饲料/增重）为6.94（5.7至8.1）。断奶后的本地羔羊平均日增重为123 g，在最佳营养条件下范围为74至186 g。在各种饲养方式下，羔羊每天消耗21.2克氮（12.7至28.0克），783克DM饲料（528到1040克），7.3兆焦耳的ME和65.3克DCP，这相当于0.177克氮（0.166克）到0.307 g），6.6 g的饲料DM（4.97至9.78 g），59.6 kJ的ME和0.62 g的DCP摄入量/每克增益。可以用数学公式预测羔羊的饲料转化率。在天然羔羊中，ADG为124 g，饲料转化率为6.92，估计日粮需要9.5 MJ ME和9.04％DCP。通过现有的研究，很明显，与杂交杂交羊相比，本地羔羊的日生长量超过180克的机会更大。人们发现，如果在最佳营养和饲喂管理下进行开采，本地羔羊的生长潜力是相似的，并且在某些情况下要优于杂交品种。因此要小心，在引入杂交育种以提高羊肉产量之前确实需要采取预防措施。

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