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首页> 外文期刊>Indian Journal of Weed Science >Herbicides residues in soil, water, plants and non-targeted organisms and human health implications: an Indian perspective
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Herbicides residues in soil, water, plants and non-targeted organisms and human health implications: an Indian perspective

机译：土壤，水，植物和非目标生物中的除草剂残留及对人体健康的影响：印度的观点

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摘要

Herbicides use is increasing throughout the globe due to increasing labour cost, choice of application of herbicides, quick weed control in crop and non-crop areas. In India, herbicide use has increased up to 30% during the last 10 years in the country. Herbicides are chemical in nature, therefore, excessive and repeated use may pose residue problems, phytotoxicity to crop plants, residual effects on susceptible intercrops or succeeding crops, adverse effects on non-target organisms and ultimately health hazards to human and animals. Many herbicides are found as bound residues which make them not only unavailable to the targets but also polluting the soil ecosystem in a number of ways. Thus monitoring of these residues in soil, water, plants, fishesand Other matrixes is very much important. The fate of herbicide in soil depends on adsorption, absorption, volatilization, leaching, runoff, photodecomposition, degradation by microbial and chemical processes etc. In Indian tropical conditions, the half-life of imadazoline, phynylureas, sulfonylureas, triazines, chloroacetinalides, dinitroanilines, diethyl ethers, thiocarbamates, and fop group of herbicides in soil are found to varied 57-71,13-60,13-147,12-58,5-60,12-77,19-29,19-24, and 8-24 days. Atharvest, herbicides in various commodities were found either below the maximum residue limit or below detectable limits. Indirect effects of herbicides are not common in India. However increasing incidences of intentionally acute pisioning by some of theherbicide such as butachlor, fluchloralin, paraquat, 2,4-D, pendimethalin, glyphosate etc. are emerging problem in India. Paraquat poisoning is an uncommon entity in India, and is associated with a high mortality rate. It can be concluded that in Indiaherbicide contamination of soil, plants and natural waters occurs infrequently and at low levels.
机译：由于人工成本的增加，除草剂的使用选择，作物和非农作物地区的快速除草，全球除草剂的使用正在增加。在印度，过去十年来印度的除草剂使用量增加了30％。除草剂本质上是化学性的，因此，过量和反复使用可能造成残留问题，对农作物的植物毒性，对易感农作物或后继作物的残留影响，对非目标生物的不利影响以及最终对人类和动物的健康危害。发现许多除草剂是结合的残留物，不仅使目标对象无法使用它们，而且还以多种方式污染土壤生态系统。因此，监测土壤，水，植物，鱼类和其他基质中的这些残留物非常重要。除草剂在土壤中的命运取决于吸附，吸收，挥发，浸出，径流，光分解，微生物和化学过程的降解等。在印度的热带条件下，咪唑啉，phynylureas，磺酰脲，三嗪，氯代乙酰胺，二硝基苯胺的半衰期，发现土壤中的二乙醚，硫代氨基甲酸酯和除草剂的fop组变化为57-71、13-60、13-147、12-58、5-60、12-77、19-29、19-24和8 -24天。收获后，发现各种商品中的除草剂低于最大残留限量或低于可检测限量。除草剂的间接作用在印度并不常见。然而，在印度，一些除草剂（例如丁草胺，氟氯林，百草枯，2,4-D，戊二甲灵，草甘膦等）的故意急性修剪的发生率正在增加。百草枯中毒在印度很少见，而且死亡率很高。可以得出结论，在印度除草剂中，土壤，植物和天然水的污染很少且很少发生。

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