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首页> 外文期刊>Industrial Crops and Products >Physical and combustion characteristics of pellet fuel from cotton gin by-products produced by select processing treatments.
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Physical and combustion characteristics of pellet fuel from cotton gin by-products produced by select processing treatments.

机译：棉花的副产物的物理和燃烧特性，这些棉花是由某些加工处理产生的轧花副产品制成的。

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Agricultural plant wastes when properly processed into useful commodities can become an economic asset. It has been estimated that over 2.04 million Mg of cotton by-products are generated each year in the United States. On average, disposal of these by-products costs the cotton gin approximately $ 1.65 (U.S.) per Mg. One means of changing a financial liability into a potential revenue generator is to process the by-products into renewable, compact pellet-type fuel that can be used at the site or transported to the consumer. Furnace and water heaters that can burn pelletized plant materials have become popular and their safety, low pollution, and reasonable operational costs have been demonstrated. Also, the drastic increases in the price of liquified fuel and its uncertain supply place a premium for finding and using alternate, low-cost, cellulose-based fuels. The objectives of our study were to fabricate pellet fuel from cotton gin by-products using select processing techniques, determine its physical properties, and measure the emissions when fired in a commercial pellet stove used for residential heating. By-products from two cotton gins were collected and processed into fuel pellets. A total of seven different pellet fuels were evaluated, six from cotton gin by-products and one from wood. The treatments resulted from using different material streams from the ginning process as well as varying quantities of starch and/or crude cottonseed oil during the fuel pellet manufacturing process. The fuel pellet density from the various treatments ranged from 488 to 678 kg/m3. The various treatments were burned in a conventional pellet stove (four replications) and the gaseous and particulate emissions measured. The average calorific value of the pellets ranged from 17.9 to 20.9 MJ/kg (HHV). The ash content for the various treatments ranged from a low of 4.88% to a high of 9.75%. The sodium content indicated concentration ranges from 91 to 282 ppm depending on the treatment. The emissions from the cotton gin by-product pellets were higher than for a premium grade wood pellet. The emissions measured during testing were CO, NO, NO2, SO2, and particulates. The pellet stove was setup following the manufacturer's recommendation to burn wood pellets, but was not adjusted for the cotton gin fuel pellets. By utilizing various additives and processing techniques, cotton gin by-products could be used to manufacture a pellet fuel that has commercial potential. However, work remains to minimize the ash content and determine the optimal settings for maximizing combustion..
机译：适当地将农业植物废料加工成有用的商品，可以成为经济资产。据估计，美国每年产生超过204万毫克的棉花副产品。平均而言，这些副产品的处理使每升镁的轧花成本约为1.65美元（美国）。将金融负债转变为潜在收入来源的一种方法是将副产品加工为可再生的紧凑型颗粒状燃料，这些燃料可以在现场使用或运输给消费者。可以燃烧颗粒状植物材料的炉子和热水器已经普及，并且已经证明了它们的安全性，低污染和合理的运营成本。而且，液化燃料价格的急剧上涨及其不确定的供应为寻找和使用替代的低成本纤维素基燃料提供了溢价。我们研究的目标是使用选择的加工技术，从轧花副产品制造颗粒燃料，确定其物理性质，并测量在用于民用供暖的商用颗粒炉中燃烧时的排放。收集了两个轧花机的副产品，并将其加工成燃料颗粒。总共评估了七种不同的颗粒燃料，其中六种来自轧花金副产品，一种来自木材。这些处理是通过使用轧花过程中使用的不同物料流以及在燃料颗粒制造过程中使用不同数量的淀粉和/或粗棉籽油而得到的。各种处理产生的燃料颗粒密度为488至678 kg / m3。将各种处理方法在常规的颗粒炉中燃烧（四次重复），并测量气体和颗粒物的排放量。颗粒的平均热值范围为17.9至20.9 MJ / kg（HHV）。各种处理的灰分含量范围从低4.88％至高9.75％。表示的钠含量取决于处理的浓度范围为91至282 ppm。棉轧花副产品颗粒的排放量高于优质木颗粒。测试期间测得的排放物为CO，NO，NO2，SO2和颗粒物。按照制造商的建议设置颗粒炉，以燃烧木屑颗粒，但未针对棉轧制燃料颗粒进行调整。通过利用各种添加剂和加工技术，轧棉副产品可用于制造具有商业潜力的颗粒燃料。但是，仍需要努力使灰分含量最小化并确定使燃烧最大化的最佳设置。

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