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首页> 外文期刊>Infection, Genetics and Evolution: Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases >Evolutionary dynamics of the influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus with emphasis on Indian isolates: Evidence for adaptive evolution in the HA gene
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Evolutionary dynamics of the influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus with emphasis on Indian isolates: Evidence for adaptive evolution in the HA gene

机译：2009年甲型H1N1大流行性流感病毒的进化动力学，重点是印度分离株：HA基因适应性进化的证据

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The indigenous transmission of the 2009 pandemic HI NI (pH1N1) virus in India made it as one of the major sub-types in circulation. Genetic characterization indicated that the viruses predominantly clustered in clade 7, the globally most widely circulating pH1N1 clade. It is imperative to continue monitoring the genetic make-up of the pH1N1 viruses to understand their adaptability and evolutionary dynamics in the country. We characterized 31 full genomes and 94 hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of the pH1N1 viruses from various regions of India (May 2009-October 2010). Among the newly identified mutations reported in the pH1N1 viruses that could alter the viral fitness, E374K in the HA was increasingly noted in 35 Indian isolates beyond September 2009 and its co-occurrence with D97N or V30A was also observed in the more recent isolates. Molecular clock analysis based on all Indian isolates and closely related global representatives indicated higher substitution rates (similar to 7.1 x 10 (3) subs/site/year) when compared to an earlier report. Several independent introductions were noted within the country along with considerable evidence of indigenous evolution during the latter period of the study. The estimate for the mean age of the common ancestor of all the pandemic isolates dated to around August 2008 correlating well with the global estimate. Evidence for adaptive evolution in the HA was observed in the clade 7 isolates at the 'Ca' antigenic site that may have implications for future re-evaluation of the vaccine composition. The study thus warrants the need for continued surveillance and genetic characterization of whole genome sequences to detect any possible reassortment events that might further contribute to the viral fitness of the pH1N1 viruses
机译：2009年印度大流行的HI NI（pH1N1）病毒在当地传播，使其成为流通中的主要亚型之一。遗传特征表明，病毒主要聚集在进化枝7（全球流通最广的pH1N1进化枝）中。必须继续监测pH1N1病毒的基因组成，以了解其在该国的适应性和进化动态。我们表征了来自印度各个地区（2009年5月至2010年10月）的pH1N1病毒的31个完整基因组和94个血凝素（HA）序列。在pH1N1病毒中报告的新发现的突变可能会改变病毒的适应性，在2009年9月以后的35个印度分离株中，HA中的E374K越来越多地被发现，在较新的分离株中也观察到它与D97N或V30A共同存在。与以前的报告相比，基于所有印度分离株和密切相关的全球代表的分子钟分析表明，其置换率更高（类似于7.1 x 10（3）个子/位点/年）。在该国境内，有数篇独立的引言被提到，并有大量证据表明在研究的后期有土著人的进化。所有大流行病菌的共同祖先的平均年龄估计值可追溯到2008年8月，与全球估计值很好地相关。在“ Ca”抗原位点的进化枝7个分离物中观察到HA适应性进化的证据，这可能对疫苗组合物的未来重新评估产生影响。因此，这项研究保证需要对整个基因组序列进行持续监视和遗传表征，以检测可能进一步促进pH1N1病毒的病毒适应性的任何重排事件。

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