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Upgrading the Chinese economy by overhauling Special Economic Zones

机译：全面改革经济特区，提升中国经济水平

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In the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015), the Chinese Committee of Science, Technology and Education, the main body for the central government's innovation policy, highlights the strengthening of the scientific-technological base and the upgrading of domestic innovative competences, and places the industrial focus on seven new strategic industries. Available data show that the transition is underway, from a Chinese growth model based on the availability of inexpensive land, investments, exports and a very large low-cost workforce to science-based and innovation-driven growth. However, the poor outcomes from public S&T expenditures suggest that future growth will depend on a different growth formula and that the greatest impact will come from an innovative innovation model. This paper focuses on an emerging Chinese innovation model that applies elements of cluster theory and the regional innovation systems approach to the next development stage of Chinese Special Economic Zones. The model also adopts features of the Triple Helix model of university-industry-government relations such as 'systemness' and entrepreneurial universities to enforce regional innovativeness. The author outlines the management and governance challenges associated with the policy objective of moving from imitation to innovation. The paper is based on a study on cluster management for the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) 2009-2013 and on empirical research in collaboration with the Chinese Association of Developmental Zones (CADZ) in 2012. The study used 15 expert interviews with managers of Tianjin Wuqing Development Zone in the Beijing-Tianjin Corridor and with senior officials of CADZ, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Technology, at the Second China German Innovation Forum held in Berlin on 26 and 27 November 2012.
机译：在“十二五”规划（2011-2015年）中，中国科学，技术和教育委员会是中央政府创新政策的主体，强调要加强科学技术基础和提升国内创新能力，并将产业重点放在七个新的战略产业上。现有数据表明，中国正在从以廉价土地，投资，出口和庞大的低成本劳动力为基础的中国增长模式向以科学和创新驱动的增长过渡。但是，公共科技支出的不良结果表明，未来的增长将取决于不同的增长公式，而最大的影响将来自创新模式。本文关注的是一个新兴的中国创新模型，该模型将群集理论和区域创新系统方法应用于中国经济特区的下一个发展阶段。该模型还采用了大学-产业-政府关系的“三重螺旋”模型的特征，例如“系统性”和创业型大学，以增强区域创新能力。作者概述了与从模仿到创新的政策目标相关的管理和治理挑战。本文基于德国教育与研究部（BMBF）2009-2013年的集群管理研究以及2012年与中国开发区协会（CADZ）合作进行的经验研究。该研究使用了15个专家访谈于2012年11月26日至27日在柏林举行的第二届中国德国创新论坛上，京津走廊天津武清开发区的管理人员，以及中新研究院，中科院和科技部的高级官员。

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