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Graphical statics a forgotten tool for solving plane mechanical problems.

机译：图形静力学是解决平面机械问题的一种被遗忘的工具。

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摘要

Graphical statics is an almost forgotten, intuitive drawing method for solving plane mechanical problems. It was already in use in the 19th century for biomechanical problems. It was still a standard method employed by civil engineers in the 1940s. Superceded by modern analytical methods, graphical statics disappeared almost completely. The method is restricted to plane static problems, but still remains a useful tool for visualizing, understanding and checking the actions of force groups occurring in modern biomechanical problems. After defining the basic mechanical terminology (body, motion, forces), the paper is written mainly as a teaching tool for immediate application. Many illustrative examples (sporting activities, functional forces in joints) help to clarify the difficult biomechanical content. For application, it must be assumed that the bodies investigated behave as rigid bodies under the action of the forces, but this does not prevent application of the method to deformable living bodies if specific static configurations of the bodies are considered. The application of the method requires a good anatomical knowledge and experience with the function of the musculoskeletal apparatus of living bodies. If reliable models are used, the method delivers quantitative results of sufficient accuracy. The paper may also help provide a better understanding of publications containing graphical solutions to bio-static problems.
机译：图形静力学是解决平面机械问题的一种几乎被遗忘的直观方法。它已在19世纪用于生物力学问题。它仍然是1940年代土木工程师采用的标准方法。在现代分析方法的取代下，图形静力学几乎完全消失了。该方法仅限于平面静态问题，但仍是可视化，理解和检查现代生物力学问题中出现的力组作用的有用工具。在定义了基本的机械术语（身体，运动，力）之后，本文主要是作为一种立即应用的教学工具而编写的。许多示例性示例（体育活动，关节的功能力）有助于阐明困难的生物力学内容。为了应用，必须假设所研究的物体在力的作用下表现为刚体，但是如果考虑到物体的特定静态构型，则这并不妨碍将该方法应用于可变形的生物。该方法的应用需要具有良好的解剖学知识和经验的生物肌肉骨骼设备的功能。如果使用可靠的模型，则该方法可提供足够准确的定量结果。本文还可以帮助您更好地理解包含针对生物静态问题的图形解决方案的出版物。

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