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Management of stored wheat insect pests in the USA

机译：在美国管理储存的小麦害虫

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摘要

Management of stored-grain insect pests by farmers or elevator managers should be based upon a knowledge of the grain storage environment and the ecology of insect pests. Grain storage facilities and practices, geographical location, government policies, and marketing demands for grain quality are discussed as factors influencing stored-grain insect pest management decisions in the United States. Typical practices include a small number of grain samples designed to provide grain quality information for segregation, blending and marketing. This low sampling rate results in subjective evaluation and inconsistent penalties for insect-related quality factors. Information on the efficacy of insect pest management practices in the United States, mainly for farm-stored wheat, is discussed, and stored-grain integrated pest management (IPM) is compared to field-crop IPM. The transition from traditional stored-grain insect pest control to IPM will require greater emphasis on sampling to estimated insect densities, the development of sound economic thresholds and decision-making strategies, more selective use of pesticides, and greater use of nonchemical methods such as aeration. New developments in insect monitoring, predictive computer models, grain cooling by aeration, biological control, and fumigation are reviewed, their potential for improving insect pest management is discussed, and future, research needs are examined.
机译：农民或电梯管理者对谷物储藏害虫的管理应基于对谷物储藏环境和害虫生态学的了解。谷物存储设施和实践，地理位置，政府政策以及对谷物质量的市场需求作为影响美国储粮害虫管理决策的因素进行了讨论。典型的做法包括少量谷物样品，这些样品旨在提供谷物质量信息，以进行分离，混合和销售。这种低采样率导致对昆虫相关质量因子的主观评估和不一致的处罚。讨论了有关美国主要针对农场存储小麦的害虫管理实践有效性的信息，并将储粮综合害虫管理（IPM）与田间作物IPM进行了比较。从传统的储粮害虫控制到IPM的过渡将需要更加强调抽样到估计的昆虫密度，发展合理的经济阈值和决策策略，更多地选择使用农药以及更多地使用非化学方法（例如通气） 。综述了昆虫监测，预测计算机模型，通过通风进行谷物冷却，生物控制和熏蒸的新进展，讨论了它们在改善害虫管理方面的潜力，并研究了未来的研究需求。

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