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首页> 外文期刊>Integrative and Comparative Biology >Temperature, Growth Rate, and Body Size in Ectotherms: Fitting Pieces of a Life-History Puzzle
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Temperature, Growth Rate, and Body Size in Ectotherms: Fitting Pieces of a Life-History Puzzle

机译：体温中的温度，生长速率和体型：拟合生活史难题的片段

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摘要

The majority of ectotherms grow slower but mature at a larger body size in colder environments. This phenomenon has puzzled biologists because classic theories of life-history evolution predict smaller sizes at maturity in environments that retard growth. During the last decade, intensive theoretical and empirical research has generated some plausible explanations based on nonadaptive or adaptive plasticity. Nonadaptive plasticity of body size is hypothesized to result from thermal constraints on cellular growth that cause smaller cells at higher temperatures, but the generality of this theory is poorly supported. Adaptive plasticity is hypothesized to result from greater benefits or lesser costs of delayed maturation in colder environments. These theories seem to apply well to some species but not others. Thus, no single theory has been able to explain the generality of temperature-size relationships in ectotherms. We recommend a multivariate theory that focuses on the coevolution of thermal reaction norms for growth rate and size at maturity. Such a theory should incorporate functional constraints on thermal reaction norms, as well as the natural covariation between temperature and other environmental variables.
机译：大多数放热在较冷的环境中生长较慢，但在较大体型时会成熟。这种现象使生物学家感到困惑，因为经典的生命历史进化理论预测，在阻碍生长的环境中，成熟时的尺寸会更小。在过去的十年中，深入的理论和实证研究基于非自适应或自适应可塑性产生了一些合理的解释。人体大小的非自适应可塑性被认为是由于对细胞生长的热约束导致高温下较小的细胞，但该理论的普遍性支持不充分。适应性可塑性被认为是由于在较冷的环境中延迟成熟所带来的更大收益或更少成本所致。这些理论似乎适用于某些物种，但不适用于其他物种。因此，没有单一的理论能够解释等温线中温度-尺寸关系的一般性。我们建议采用多元理论，该理论着重于热反应范式在成熟时的增长率和尺寸的共同演化。这样的理论应该包括对热反应规范的功能约束，以及温度和其他环境变量之间的自然协变量。

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