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Effects of fresh and aged vehicular exhaust emissions on breathing pattern and cellular responses pilot single vehicle study

机译：新鲜和老化的汽车尾气排放对呼吸模式和细胞反应的影响

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The study presented here is a laboratory pilot study using diluted car exhaust from a single vehicle to assess differences in toxicological response between primary emissions and secondary products resulting from atmospheric photochemical reactions of gas phase compounds with O 3, OH and other radicals. Sprague Dawley rats were exposed for 5 h to either filtered room air (sham) or one of two different atmospheres: (i) diluted car exhaust (P)+Mt. Saint Helens Ash (MSHA); (ii) P+MSHA+secondary organic aerosol (SOA, formed during simulated photochemical aging of diluted exhaust). Primary and secondary gases were removed using a nonselective diffusion denuder. Continuous respiratory data was collected during the exposure, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and complete blood counts (CBC) were performed 24 h after exposure. ANOVA models were used to assess the exposure effect and to compare those effects across different exposure types. Total average exposures were 363±66 μg/m 3 P+MSHA and 212±95 μg/m 3 P+MSHA+SOA. For both exposures, we observed decreases in breathing rate, tidal and minute volumes (TV, MV) and peak and median flows (PIF, PEF and EF50) along with increases in breathing cycle times (Ti, Te) compared to sham. These results indicate that the animals are changing their breathing pattern with these test atmospheres. Exposure to P+MSHA+SOA produced significant increases in total cells, macrophages and neutrophils in the BAL and in vivo chemiluminescence of the lung. There were no significant differences in CBC parameters. Our data suggest that simulated atmospheric photochemistry, producing SOA in the P+MSHA+SOA exposures, enhanced the toxicity of vehicular emissions.
机译：本文介绍的研究是一项实验室先期研究，使用单辆汽车的稀释汽车尾气来评估气相化合物与O 3，OH和其他自由基的大气光化学反应导致的主要排放物和次要产品之间的毒理学响应差异。将Sprague Dawley大鼠暴露于经过过滤的室内空气（假）或两种不同的气氛之一中5 h：（i）稀释的汽车尾气（P）+ Mt。圣海伦火山灰（MSHA）; （ii）P + MSHA +二次有机气溶胶（SOA，在稀释废气的模拟光化学老化过程中形成）。使用非选择性扩散剥蚀器除去一次和二次气体。在暴露期间收集连续的呼吸数据，并在暴露后24小时进行支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）和全血细胞计数（CBC）。使用ANOVA模型评估暴露效应并比较不同暴露类型之间的效应。总平均暴露为363±66μg/ m 3 P + MSHA和212±95μg/ m 3 P + MSHA + SOA。对于两次暴露，与假手术相比，我们观察到呼吸速率，潮气和分钟流量（TV，MV）以及峰值和中位数流量（PIF，PEF和EF50）均下降，并且呼吸循环时间（Ti，Te）也有所增加。这些结果表明，在这些测试气氛下，动物正在改变其呼吸方式。暴露于P + MSHA + SOA会导致BAL中的总细胞，巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞显着增加，以及体内肺化学发光。 CBC参数没有显着差异。我们的数据表明，模拟的大气光化学，在P + MSHA + SOA暴露中产生SOA，可增强车辆排放的毒性。

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