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Wind turbine aerodynamics: analysis and design

机译：风力涡轮机空气动力学：分析和设计

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In this paper, the classical work on wind turbine is reviewed, starting from the ground work of Rankine and Froude, then revisiting the minimum energy condition of Betz, and applying modern computing techniques to build codes, based on the vortex model of Goldstein that are both fast and reliable. Such numerical simulations can be used to help analyse and design modern wind turbines in regimes where the flow is attached. Much of the work has been developed under the impulsion of General Electric whose support is gratefully acknowledged. The vortex model has reached a mature state which includes capabilities to model unsteady flows due to yaw, tower interference and earth boundary layer as well as flows past rotors with advanced blade tips that have sweep and/or winglets. When separation occurs on the blades, a higher fidelity model is presented, called the hybrid method, which consists in coupling a Navier-Stokes solver with the vortex model, the Navier-Stokes code solving the near blade flow whereas the vortex model convects the circulation to the far field without dissipation and allows for accurate representation of the induced velocities. Further development of the vortex model includes its coupling with a blade structural model to perform aeroelasticity studies.
机译：本文对风力涡轮机的经典工作进行了回顾，从兰金和弗洛德的地基工作开始，然后重新考察贝兹的最小能量条件，并基于戈德斯坦的涡流模型应用现代计算技术来构建代码。既快速又可靠。这样的数值模拟可以用来帮助分析和设计在附接流动的状态下的现代风力涡轮机。许多工作是在通用电气的推动下进行的，通用电气对此表示感谢。涡流模型已达到成熟状态，该模型具有对由于偏航，塔架干扰和地球边界层引起的非稳定流动以及经过带有具有扫掠和/或小翼的先进叶片尖端的转子流进行建模的能力。当叶片上发生分离时，会提出一个更高保真度的模型，称为混合方法，该方法包括将Navier-Stokes解算器与涡旋模型耦合，Navier-Stokes代码可解决叶片附近的流动，而涡旋模型使循环对流到远场无耗散，并允许准确表示感应的速度。涡流模型的进一步发展包括将其与叶片结构模型耦合以进行空气弹性研究。

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