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首页> 外文期刊>British journal of sports medicine >International Paralympic Committee position stand-background and scientific principles of classification in Paralympic sport
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International Paralympic Committee position stand-background and scientific principles of classification in Paralympic sport

机译：国际残奥委员会对残奥体育的立场立场和科学分类原则

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The Classification Code of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), inter alia, mandates the development of evidence-based systems of classification. This paper provides a scientific background for classification in Paralympic sport, defines evidence-based classification and provides guidelines for how evidence-based classification may be achieved. Classification is a process in which a single group of entities (or units) are ordered into a number of smaller groups (or classes) based on observable properties that they have in common, and taxonomy is the science of how to classify. Paralympic classification is interrelated with systems of classification used in two fields: ? Health and functioning. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health is the most widely used classification in the field of functioning and health. To enhance communication, Paralympic systems of classification should use language and concepts that are consistent with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. ? Sport. Classification in sport reduces the likelihood of one-sided competition and in this way promotes participation. Two types of classification are used in sport-performance classification and selective classification. Paralympic sports require selective classification systems so that athletes who enhance their competitive performance through effective training will not be moved to a class with athletes who have less activity limitation, as they would in a performance classification system. Classification has a significant impact on which athletes are successful in Paralympic sport, but unfortunately issues relating to the weighting and aggregation of measures used in classification pose significant threats to the validity of current systems of classification. To improve the validity of Paralympic classification, the IPC Classification Code mandates the development of evidence-based systems of classification, an evidencebased system being one in which the purpose of the system is stated unambiguously; and empirical evidence indicates the methods used for assigning class will achieve the stated purpose. To date, one of the most significant barriers to the development of evidencebased systems of classification has been absence of an unambiguous statement of purpose. To remedy this, all Paralympic systems of classification should indicate that the purpose of the system is to promote participation in sport by people with disabilities by minimising the impact of eligible impairment types on the outcome of competition. Conceptually, in order to minimise the impact of impairment on the outcome of competition, each classification system should: ? describe eligibility criteria in terms of: ? type of impairment and ? severity of impairment; ? describe methods for classifying eligible impairments according to the extent of activity limitation they cause. To classify impairments according to the extent of activity limitation they cause requires research that develops objective, reliable measures of both impairment and activity limitation and investigates the relative strength of association between these constructs in a large, racially representative sample. The paper outlines a number of objective principles that should considered when deciding how many classes a given sport should have: the number of classes in a sport should not be driven by the number of athletes in a sport at a single time point.
机译：国际残奥委员会（IPC）的分类法除其他外，要求发展基于证据的分类系统。本文为残奥会运动的分类提供了科学背景，定义了基于证据的分类，并为如何实现基于证据的分类提供了指导。分类是一个过程，其中根据一组实体（或单元）共有的可观察属性将它们分成多个较小的组（或类），分类法是如何进行分类的科学。残奥会分类与两个领域中使用的分类系统相关：健康和功能。国际功能，残疾和健康分类是功能和健康领域中使用最广泛的分类。为了加强沟通，残奥会的分类系统应使用与国际功能，残疾和健康分类一致的语言和概念。 ？运动。运动中的分类减少了单方面竞赛的可能性，并以此促进了参与。运动成绩分类和选择性分类使用两种类型的分类。残奥会需要选择性的分类系统，这样通过有效训练来提高比赛成绩的运动员就不会像在成绩分类系统中那样，被转移到活动限制较小的运动员上。分类对残奥会运动员的成功产生重大影响，但不幸的是，与分类中使用的度量的权重和汇总有关的问题严重威胁了当前分类系统的有效性。为了提高残奥会分类的有效性，IPC分类法规定开发基于证据的分类系统，其中基于证据的系统明确指出了该系统的目的;经验证据表明，课堂授课方法将达到既定目的。迄今为止，发展基于证据的分类系统的最大障碍之一是缺乏明确的目的说明。为了解决这个问题，所有残奥会分类系统都应指出，该系统的目的是通过使合格的障碍类型对比赛结果的影响最小化，从而促进残疾人参与运动。从概念上讲，为了最大程度地减少损害对竞争结果的影响，每个分类系统都应：用以下方式描述资格标准：损害类型和？损害的严重程度; ？描述根据造成活动限制的程度对合格损伤进行分类的方法。为了根据损伤引起的活动受限的程度对损伤进行分类，需要进行研究，以开发出客观，可靠的损伤和活动受限的测量方法，并研究在具有种族代表性的大型样本中这些构建体之间关联的相对强度。本文概述了确定某项特定运动项目应具有的几个类别时应考虑的许多客观原则：一项运动中的类别数不应由单个时间点的一项运动的运动员人数来决定。

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