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Strategies to improve dairy herd fertility

机译：改善奶牛群繁殖力的策略

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摘要

Efficient milk production in Irish dairy herds is dependent upon producing the maximum amount of milk from grazed grass. To co-ordinate peak milk yield with maximum grass growth, cows must calve compactly before turnout to pasture in the spring. In contrast, in industries where breeding occurs all year round, as in North America and most of the rest of the European Union, both the cows and the systems of management have evolved differently. This emphasis on dairy herd fertility in Ireland is only equalled in other grass based milk production systems, such as New Zealand and parts of Australia. Irish dairy farmers aim to get the maximum number of cows pregnant in a short breeding season and in the past have done so successfully. However, in recent years changes in our farming systems have led to a decline in dairy herd fertility. Infertility remains the primary specific reason for cow disposal in dairy herds (Fig. I). This article outlines the decline in Irish dairy herd fertility, current Irish dairy herd fertility performance, the costs associated with poor herd fertility, investigation of poor herd fertility and finally, nutritional, management and breeding responses to the decline in herd fertility.
机译：爱尔兰奶牛场的高效牛奶生产取决于从放牧的草中生产最大数量的牛奶。为了协调最高奶产量和最大草生长，奶牛必须紧凑地产犊，然后在春季转为牧场。相反，在全年繁殖的行业中，如北美和欧盟其他大部分地区，奶牛和管理系统的发展方式有所不同。在爱尔兰，这种对奶牛群繁殖力的重视仅在其他草基牛奶生产系统中才是一样的，例如新西兰和澳大利亚的部分地区。爱尔兰奶农的目标是在较短的繁殖季节内使最大数量的母牛怀孕，过去成功做到了。但是，近年来，我们的耕作制度发生了变化，导致奶牛群的繁殖力下降。不育症仍然是奶牛群中奶牛处置的主要特定原因（图I）。本文概述了爱尔兰奶牛群繁殖力的下降，当前爱尔兰奶牛群繁殖力的表现，与牛群繁殖力差相关的成本，对牛群繁殖力差的调查，以及营养，管理和育种对牛群繁殖力下降的反应。

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