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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Biometeorology: Journal of the International Society of Biometeorology >Effects of shading on spike differentiation and grain yield formation of summer maize in the field
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Effects of shading on spike differentiation and grain yield formation of summer maize in the field

机译：遮荫对田间夏玉米穗分化和籽粒形成的影响

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摘要

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of shading on tassel and ear development and yield formation of three summer maize hybrids Zhenjie 2 (ZJ2), Denghai 605 (DH605), and Zhengdan 958 (ZD958). The ambient sunlight treatment was used as control (CK) and shading treatments (40 % of ambient sunlight) were applied at different growth stages from silking stage (R1) to physiological maturity stage (R6) (treatment S1), from the sixth extended leaf stage (V6) to R1 (treatment S2) and from seeding to R6 (treatment S3). Shading had no significant effect on the time from seeding to shoot emergence (VE); however, subsequent growth and development were delayed with shading beyond this point. The differentiation time of both tassel and ear delayed, and female spike (tassel) floret differentiation, sexual organ formation time, and anthesis-silking interval (ASI) were lengthened. After shading, the total number of floret, silk, and fertilization floret reduced significantly; the number of abortive seeds increased, and the total setting percentage among different treatments showed that CK > S2 > S1 > S3; and the total setting percentages in S1, S2, and S3 of ZD958 were 44, 72, and 15 % respectively. The total floret number of tassel primordium differentiation, fertility rate, and seed setting rate of florets in S3 treatment was the minimum; kernels per ear decreased seriously and single ear setting percentage was only 16 %; although floret degeneration number of S2 during ear differentiation stages increased and floret fertility rate reduced than that of CK, fertilization flower seed production increased and abortive seed decreased after canceling shading. Aborted kernel of S1 increased and kernel dry weight reduced, resulting in a significant decrease of kernel number per ear and kernel weight, and the grain abortive rate of 40-62 %. In conclusion, shading changed the growth and development process and caused infertility of tassel and ear; tassel branches decreased, reducing pollen vitality and silks differentiation cut down; and grain dry matter accumulation and setting percentage decreased, causing yield reduction. Grain yield and biomass reduced 66, 36, and 93 % compared to the control by shading treatments of S1, S2, and S3, respectively.
机译：进行了田间试验，研究了遮荫对三个夏玉米杂交种珍jie2号（ZJ2），登海605（DH605）和正单958（ZD958）的穗和穗发育以及产量形成的影响。使用环境日光处理作为对照（CK），并从第六张扩展叶开始，在从丝绸化阶段（R1）到生理成熟阶段（R6）的不同生长阶段进行遮光处理（环境日光的40％）（处理S1） （V6）到R1（处理S2），从播种到R6（处理S3）。阴影对从播种到出苗的时间没有明显影响。但是，随后的增长和发展因阴影超出此点而延迟。流苏和耳朵的分化时间延迟，雌穗（小穗）小花分化，性器官形成时间和花粉生息间隔（ASI）延长。遮光后，小花，蚕丝和受精小花的总数明显减少;流产种子数量增加，不同处理之间的总结实率表明，CK> S2> S1> S3。 ZD958的S1，S2和S3中的总设置百分比分别为44％，72％和15％。 S3处理的流苏原基分化的总小花数，受精率和小花结实率最低。每只耳朵的粒数严重下降，单耳定型率仅为16％;尽管在穗分化阶段S2的小花变性数量增加，而小花的受精率却比CK降低，但取消遮荫后，施肥花的种子产量增加而流产种子减少。 S1的流产籽粒增加，籽粒干重降低，导致每穗籽粒数量和籽粒重量显着下降，谷物流产率达到40-62％。总之，遮光改变了生长发育过程，导致流苏和耳朵不孕。流苏分支减少，花粉活力降低，蚕丝分化减少;谷物干物质积累和结实率降低，导致单产下降。与对照相比，分别通过S1，S2和S3的遮光处理，谷物产量和生物量分别降低了66％，36％和93％。

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