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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Biometeorology: Journal of the International Society of Biometeorology >Thermoregulation in complex situations: combined heat exposure, infectious fever and water deprivation
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Thermoregulation in complex situations: combined heat exposure, infectious fever and water deprivation

机译：复杂情况下的体温调节：接触热，传染性发烧和水分缺乏

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Heat exposure, infectious fever and water deprivation are stressors that, individually, produce disturbances in more than one regulated system, calling for diverse compensatory responses. A potential conflict is created when these stimuli are combined and impose concurrent stressful loads on the body because the homeostatic defenses mobilized against one are also partly needed against the other stressors. To learn how the competing demands of combined stressors for shared regulatory systems are met, rabbits were exposed to 32 deg C and 37 deg C (heat), administered lipopolysaccharide (Salmonella enteritidis LPS, 2 #mu#g/kg, i.v.) in temperatures of 22 deg C or 27 deg C, or water-deprived for 1 or 2 days in 22 deg C or 27 deg C, in separate experiments. The corresponding controls were exposed to 22 deg C or 27 deg C, administered pyrogenfree saline i.v. in 22 deg C or 27 deg C, or normally hydrated in 22 deg C or 27 deg C. In subsequent experiments, two or all three of these treatments were applied concurrently. Core and ear skin temperatures and respiratory rates were monitored continuously. The results indicated that the concomitant needs of moderate heat exposure, fever and 1 day of water deprivation were generally met by the regulatory systems involved, but different patterns of thermoeffector activities were evoked and the eventual body temperature changes produced were different under each condition. However, when the test conditions were severe, their combined needs were not met adequately and the eventual compensatory response depended not only on the particular stimulus intensity, but also on the immediate importance for survival of the functions being defended. Thus, dehydration was the most dangerous factor to the physiological integrity of the animals. In sum, conflicting physiological stimuli appear to result in responses that are different from the responses to a single perturbation, the eventual output representing the resultant of the inputs rather than a singular output dictated by one dominant drive to the exclusion of the others.
机译：受热，感染性发烧和缺水是压力的源头，它们分别在一个以上的受监管系统中产生干扰，要求采取各种补偿性措施。当这些刺激相结合并将并发的压力负荷施加到身体上时，就会产生潜在的冲突，因为对另一种压力源也需要部分对抗另一种压力源的稳态防御。为了了解如何满足组合压力源对共享调节系统的竞争需求，将兔子暴露于32摄氏度和37摄氏度（热）下，在温度下施用脂多糖（肠炎沙门氏菌LPS，2＃mu＃g / kg，静脉注射）在单独的实验中，将22摄氏度或27摄氏度的水或在22摄氏度或27摄氏度的水中缺水1或2天。将相应的对照暴露于22℃或27℃，静脉内施用无热原盐水。在22摄氏度或27摄氏度下，或通常在22摄氏度或27摄氏度下水合。在随后的实验中，同时进行这两种处理中的两种或三种。持续监测核心和耳朵的皮肤温度和呼吸频率。结果表明，所涉及的调节系统通常可以满足中等程度的热暴露，发烧和缺水1天的伴随需求，但是引发了不同的热效应活动模式，并且每种情况下最终产生的体温变化也不同。但是，当测试条件严峻时，它们的综合需求不能得到充分满足，最终的补偿反应不仅取决于特定的刺激强度，而且还取决于被保护功能的生存的直接重要性。因此，脱水是影响动物生理完整性的最危险因素。总而言之，相互矛盾的生理刺激似乎导致与单一扰动的响应不同的响应，最终的输出代表输入的结果，而不是由一种主导驱动力所排斥的单一输出所指示的奇异输出。

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