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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of fertility and women's medicine >Bone mass measurement in identification of women at risk for osteoporosis.
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Bone mass measurement in identification of women at risk for osteoporosis.

机译：骨量测量可识别有骨质疏松症风险的女性。

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It is now possible to measure bone mass with highly precise, safe and noninvasive technology. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can detect bone loss well before it becomes evident by conventional X-rays or by fracture. Because measurement of bone density is the single most important predictor of fracture risk, it is a critically important tool to apply to the population at risk, which includes women who have definable risk factors for osteoporosis, such as the menopause, as well as those with a family history of osteoporosis, life-long low calcium intake, smoking, extreme thinness, anorexia, certain diseases and medications. Central DXA machines measure bone mass of the lumbar spine and hip region, the most important potential fracture sites. At the present time, the number of DXA machines in the United States is inadequate to detect the entire population at risk. Even if there were a sufficient number of DXA machines, lack of insurance reimbursement would limit their use. These restraints are beginning to be better defined, if not moderated, by the Bone Mass Measurement Act of 1998. With insufficient numbers of DXA machines and their heavy localization to major urban medical centers, peripheral devices have been developed. Using DXA technology, these peripheral devices can measure densities in the distal forearm, the middle phalangeal bone, and the heel. Ultrasound technology has also been developed to measure bone density of the tibia and the heel. The peripheral densitometers, in general, have the advantage of smaller size, lower cost, and portability. A very controversial issue, however, is whether measurement at a peripheral site provides sufficiently accurate information about bone mass at more important central sites to be generally reliable. Nevertheless, they have great potential in helping to detect the large numbers of women at risk for osteoporosis. Eventually, however, central measurements of bone mass will be needed, especially for monitoring of therapy, so that central measurements of bone mass by DXA are still the "gold standard" in the field at this time.
机译：现在，可以使用高度精确，安全且无创的技术来测量骨量。双能X射线骨密度仪（DXA）可以在传统X射线或骨折明显之前就检测出骨质流失。由于骨密度的测量是骨折风险的唯一最重要的预测指标，因此它是应用于面临风险的人群的至关重要的工具，其中包括具有明确的骨质疏松风险因素（例如更年期）的女性以及有骨质疏松症家族史，终身低钙摄入，吸烟，极度瘦弱，厌食，某些疾病和药物。中央DXA机器可测量腰椎和臀部区域（最重要的潜在骨折部位）的骨量。目前，美国的DXA机器数量不足以检测整个有风险的人群。即使有足够数量的DXA机器，缺少保险补偿也会限制其使用。 1998年的《骨量测量法》开始对这些限制进行了更好的界定，甚至没有加以缓解。由于DXA机器数量不足，并且大量地定位于主要的城市医疗中心，因此开发了外围设备。使用DXA技术，这些外围设备可以测量前臂远端，中指骨和脚后跟的密度。还开发了超声波技术来测量胫骨和脚后跟的骨密度。通常，外围光密度计具有尺寸更小，成本更低和便携性的优点。但是，一个非常有争议的问题是，在外围部位进行的测量是否能在更重要的中心部位提供足够准确的有关骨量的信息，从而通常是可靠的。然而，它们在帮助发现大量有骨质疏松症风险的妇女方面具有巨大的潜力。但是，最终将需要对骨量进行集中测量，尤其是在监测治疗方面，因此通过DXA对骨量进行集中测量仍然是当前该领域的“黄金标准”。

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