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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of developmental science >Entrepreneurship from a Developmental Science Perspective
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Entrepreneurship from a Developmental Science Perspective

机译：发展科学视角的企业家精神

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Due to worldwide social, political, and economic change (Silbereisen & Chen, 2010), entrepreneurship has become a key topic of our time (Hisrich, Langan-Fox, & Grant, 2007). We understand entrepreneurship as starting and growing one's own business (or, more broadly, as the identification, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities, Shane, 2012). Globalization, post-industrial society, rapid technological progress, the deregulation of the labor market in many countries, political shifts towards liberal economies (e.g., in the former Eastern Bloc), and the increasing individualization of the life course have together contributed to an era of entrepreneurship. At the individual level, entrepreneurship has become a central competence to succeed in a working life where, in view of the eco-nomic challenges and changing landscapes of work, proactive, self-responsible, creative, and competitive behaviors have become crucial assets and where starting one's own business, and creating something new by entrepreneurial means and innovation, is a promising, albeit risky, job alternative for many people. At the societal level, entrepreneurship (and innovative growth-oriented startups in particular) is considered a driver of economic and technological development, innovation, and job creation. In view of this growing relevance at different levels, it is not surprising that both scholars and policymakers have called for enhanced efforts in researching and promoting entrepreneurship (Hisrich et al., 2007; The World Bank, 2010; World Economic Forum, 2009).
机译：由于世界范围内的社会，政治和经济变革（Silbereisen＆Chen，2010），企业家精神已成为我们这个时代的重要话题（Hisrich，Langan-Fox和＆Grant，2007）。我们将企业家精神理解为开创和发展自己的业务（或更广泛地说，是将其识别，评估和利用机会，Shane，2012年）。全球化，后工业社会，迅速的技术进步，许多国家的劳动力市场放松管制，向自由经济的政治转变（例如，在前东方集团中）以及生活进程的日益个体化共同促成了一个时代企业家精神。在个人层面上，企业家精神已成为在工作生活中取得成功的核心能力，鉴于经济挑战和不断变化的工作环境，积极进取，自我负责，创新和竞争性行为已成为至关重要的资产，开创自己的企业，并通过企业家的手段和创新来创造新事物，对许多人来说是一种有前途的，尽管有风险的工作选择。在社会一级，企业家精神（尤其是创新型的，以增长为导向的初创公司）被认为是经济和技术发展，创新和创造就业机会的驱动力。鉴于各个层面的相关性日益增长，学者和政策制定者都呼吁加大研究和促进企业家精神的努力也就不足为奇了（Hisrich等，2007;世界银行，2010;世界经济论坛，2009）。

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