We introduce a relational operationalization of data which generalizes, among others, the deterministic information systems of Pawlak (1982), the indeterministic systems of Lipski (1976) and Orlowska and Pawlak (1987), and the context relations of Wille (1982); it can also be used for fuzzy data modelling. Using an example from the area of psychometrics, we show how our operationalization can lead to an improved understanding of agreements and disagreements by experts in classification tasks. (C) 2001 Academic Press. [References: 24]
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