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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics >Influence of a reduced wearing time on the attenuation of hearing protectors assessed via temporary threshold shifts
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Influence of a reduced wearing time on the attenuation of hearing protectors assessed via temporary threshold shifts

机译：减少佩戴时间对通过临时阈值偏移评估的听力保护器衰减的影响

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摘要

Valuable recommendations for the choice, utilization, care, and maintenance, and for the measurement of sound attenuation of hearing-protective devices have been laid down in international standards. Yet, by considering the wearing time of ahearing protector, the standard DIN EN 458 assumes a scarcely understandable drastic reduction in the effective attenuation even when the device is not used for only a short time in a noise-filled area. A 30 dB sound attenuation of such a protectivedevice would, e.g., decrease to 12 dB if it were unused for only 30 min of an 8 h shift. Thus, the actual influence of a shortened wearing time on the protection of earmuffs was tested in a laboratory study using audiometric measurements of the temporarythreshold shift (TTS{sub}2) and its recovery after exposure to noise. For that purpose, the effectiveness of a hearing-protective device depending on the amount of time worn as prognosticated by DIN EN 458 was compared with the actual physiological effect of the earmuffs. Ten test subjects (Ss) participated in three test series (TS), each. In the first of the TS the Ss were exposed to a sound pressure of 106 dB(A) for 1 h, during which the Ss wore noise-insulating earmuffs with an attenuation of 30 dB. The Ss were exposed to the same sound pressure in TS II; however, after 30 min, the earmuffs were removed for a duration of 3.75 min. Mathematically, this reduced the sound attenuation of the earmuffs to 12 dB. i.e., the average noise level over 1 h is 94 dB, which is equivalent to 85 dB(A) over 8 h. In order to evaluate the actual additional physiological cost of TS II, the Ss were exposed to 94 dB(A)/1 h without earmuffs in a third TS. This acoustic load, which is energy equivalent to the load in TS II, isalso equivalent to 85 dB(A)/8 h. The results show that the continuous wearing of the earmuffs offers secure protection. However, the energetic approach and the levelling of differently structured noise loads according to the principle of energyequivalence leads to misconceiving results. The drastic reduction of the sound attenuation of the earmuffs predicted from the energetic point of view must be regarded as exaggerated. The TTS values show that TS II - which, according to the principle ofenergy-damage-equivalence, should result in the same effects as TS III - represents significantly less auditory fatigue. Thus, if the earmuffs are taken off briefly, a drastic reduction in the protection - as predicted in DIN EN 458--does not result.
机译：在国际标准中已经提出了有关选择，使用，护理和维护以及测量听力保护装置的声音衰减的重要建议。然而，考虑到轴承保护器的磨损时间，即使设备在嘈杂的区域中仅短时间不使用设备，标准的DIN EN 458仍然认为有效衰减几乎无法理解。如果仅在8小时内仅使用30分钟，则此类保护设备的30 dB声音衰减将降至例如12 dB。因此，在实验室研究中使用临时阈值漂移（TTS {sub} 2）及其在暴露于噪音后的恢复的听力测量，测试了缩短的佩戴时间对保护耳罩的实际影响。为此，将根据DIN EN 458的规定佩戴时间的听力保护装置的有效性与耳罩的实际生理效果进行了比较。十个测试对象（Ss）参加了三个测试系列（TS）。在第一个TS中，Ss暴露在106 dB（A）的声压下1 h，在此期间，Ss戴上了噪音衰减30 dB的隔音耳罩。在TS II中，Ss受到相同的声压;但是，在30分钟后，将耳罩移除了3.75分钟。从数学上讲，这将耳罩的声音衰减降至12 dB。也就是说，超过1小时的平均噪音水平为94 dB，相当于超过8小时的85 dB（A）。为了评估TS II的实际额外生理成本，在第三个TS中将Ss暴露于94 dB（A）/ 1 h且不带耳罩。该声负载相当于TS II中的能量，也等于85 dB（A）/ 8 h。结果表明，连续佩戴耳罩可提供可靠的保护。然而，根据能量等效原理的能量方法和不同结构的噪声负载的均衡会导致令人误解的结果。从精力充沛的角度预测，耳罩声音衰减的急剧降低必须被认为是夸大的。 TTS值表明，TS II（根据能量-损伤当量的原理，应产生与TS III相同的效果）表示听觉疲劳明显减轻。因此，如果短时摘下耳罩，则不会如DIN EN 458所预期的那样大大降低防护效果。

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