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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics >Backpack load positioning and walking surface slope effects on physiological responses in infantry soldiers
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Backpack load positioning and walking surface slope effects on physiological responses in infantry soldiers

机译：背包负荷定位和行走表面坡度对步兵的生理反应的影响

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The primary purpose of this study was to survey a sample of infantry soldiers to determine their preferred backpack load distribution. The second objective was to examine the effect of backpack load position, walking speed and surface grade on the physiological responses of infantry soldiers. In the first phase of the study, analysis of 500 questionnaires indicated that backpack item arrangement was typically determined by convenience and habit. About 33.6% and 30.6% of the soldiers reported placing heavier items in the lower and higher positions, respectively. In the second experimental phase of the study, five male infantry soldiers who had completed basic training (including 30 km tactical road march) each performed eight treadmill walking bouts at one of two speeds (i.e., 3.2 and 6.4km/h) and two surface grades (0% and 6%) carrying 15% of their body weight in a backpack with two chambers (upper and lower). Respiratory frequency, minute ventilation, oxygen consumption and heart rate were recorded using the Quark pulmonary system. The MANOVA results indicate that the effect of walking speed was strongly significant for all physiological indices. In addition, as might be expected, walking on a 6% grade was associated with higher oxygen consumption and heart rate compared to level going. In terms of load position, the mean respiratory frequency was significantly higher where the load was carried in the upper position. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between load position and walking grade on oxygen consumption. Where participants were walking at zero incline, there was no significant difference in mean oxygen consumption. By contrast, the mean oxygen consumption was significantly higher where loads were carried in the upper position and negotiating the 6% grade. Previous research has found that, ideally, load carriage should complement stability, bringing the load's center of gravity as close to the body as possible and making use of the larger muscles. However, carrying heavy loads close to the trunk can affect lung function. Thus, load placement is an important factor in physiological response to load carriage, and optimum choice of upper or lower position when distributing items in a backpack may be dependent on the walking grade.
机译：这项研究的主要目的是调查步兵的样本，以确定他们偏爱的背包载荷分布。第二个目的是检查背包装载位置，步行速度和地面坡度对步兵士兵生理反应的影响。在研究的第一阶段，对500份问卷的分析表明，背包的布置通常由便利性和习惯决定。分别有约33.6％和30.6％的士兵报告将较重的物品放在较低和较高的位置。在研究的第二个实验阶段，五名完成基本训练（包括30公里战术公路游行）的男步兵每人以两种速度（即3.2和6.4km / h）和两种地面速度之一进行了八次跑步机步行运动等级（0％和6％）的背包有两个腔室（上下），可承载15％的体重。使用Quark肺系统记录呼吸频率，分钟通气量，耗氧量和心率。 MANOVA结果表明，步行速度的影响在所有生理指标中都非常显着。此外，可以预料的是，与平步相比，在6％的坡度上行走与较高的氧气消耗和心率有关。就负荷位置而言，在上方位置负荷时的平均呼吸频率明显更高。此外，负荷位置和步行坡度之间在氧气消耗上存在显着的相互作用。参与者以零坡度行走时，平均耗氧量没有显着差异。相比之下，在上方位置进行负载并协商6％坡度时，平均耗氧量明显更高。先前的研究发现，理想情况下，负载运输应补充稳定性，使负载的重心尽可能靠近人体，并利用较大的肌肉。但是，在躯干附近搬运重物会影响肺功能。因此，负荷放置是影响对负荷运输的生理反应的重要因素，并且当在背包中分配物品时上部或下部位置的最佳选择可能取决于步行坡度。

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