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User's mental model of an information retrieval system: An experiment on a prototype online catalog

机译：信息检索系统的用户思维模型：在线原型原型的实验

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An empirical study was performed to train naive subjects in the use of a prototype Boolean logic-based information retrieval system on a database of bibliographic records. The research was based on the mental models theory which proposes that people can be trained to develop a `mental model' or a qualitative simulation of a system which will aid in generating methods for interacting with the system, debugging errors, and keeping track of one's place in the system. It follows that conceptual training based on a system model will be superior to procedural training based on the mechanics of the system. We performed a laboratory experiment with two training conditions (model and procedural), and with each condition split by sex. Forty-three subjects participated in the experiment, but only 32 were able to reach the minimum competency level required to complete the experiment. The data analysis incorporated time-stamped monitoring data, personal characteristics variables, affective variables, and interview data in which subjects described how they thought the system worked (an articulation of the model). As predicted, the model-based training had no effect on the ability to perform simple, procedural tasks, but subjects trained with a model performed better on complex tasks that required extrapolation from the basic operations of the system. A stochastic process analysis of search-state transitions reinforced this conclusion. Subjects had difficulty articulating a model of the system, and we found no differences in articulation by condition. The high number of subjects (26%) who were unable to pass the benchmark test indicates that the retrieval tasks were inherently difficult. More interestingly, those who dropped out were significantly more likely to be humanities or social science majors than science or engineering majors, suggesting important individual differences and equity issues. The sex-related differences were slight, although significant, and suggest future research questions.
机译：进行了一项实证研究，以在书目记录的数据库上使用基于布尔逻辑的原型信息检索系统来训练天真主体。该研究基于心理模型理论，该理论建议人们可以接受培训以开发系统的“心理模型”或定性仿真，这将有助于生成与系统交互，调试错误并跟踪自己的方法的方法。放置在系统中。因此，基于系统模型的概念培训将优于基于系统机制的程序培训。我们在两个训练条件（模型和程序）下进行了一项实验室实验，每种条件均按性别划分。四十三名受试者参加了实验，但是只有32名受试者达到了完成实验所需的最低能力要求。数据分析包含时间戳记的监视数据，个人特征变量，情感变量和访谈数据，其中受试者描述了他们对系统的工作方式（模型的表达）。如预期的那样，基于模型的训练对执行简单的程序性任务的能力没有影响，但是使用模型训练的对象在需要从系统基本操作中推断的复杂任务上的表现更好。对搜索状态转换的随机过程分析证实了这一结论。受试者难以表达系统模型，我们发现按条件表达时没有差异。无法通过基准测试的大量受试者（26％）表明检索任务本来就很困难。更有趣的是，辍学的人比人文科学或工程学专业的人文科学或社会科学专业的可能性要高得多，这表明个人差异和公平问题很重要。与性别相关的差异虽然很小，但差异很小，提示了未来的研究问题。

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