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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of medical microbiology: IJMM >Structure and function: Lipid A modifications in commensals and pathogens
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Structure and function: Lipid A modifications in commensals and pathogens

机译：结构和功能：脂类A在共生和病原体中的修饰

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Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram negative bacteria are one of the most potent stimulators of the host innate immune system and LPS recognition is essential for the host organism to clear infections of invading bacterial pathogens. Here we review on the latest research on how LPS is sensed by host cells and how distinct LPS structures differentially modulate the strength of the host immune response. Much is known about host immunological reactions towards pathogens via recognition of their LPS, as well as strategies of pathogens to modulate their LPS structure in order to evade the immune system. However, less is known about differential sensing of lipopolysaccharides of commensal bacteria in the intestine and how this contributes to manifestation or destruction of the intestinal homeostasis. LPS sensing is necessary to fight pathogens. However, sensing of LPS of gut commensal bacteria can simultaneously be disadvantageous for the genetically predisposed host, since this might lead to damage of the intestinal homeostasis and therefore to chronic intestinal inflammation. However, less immunogenic LPS could also serve as therapeutics to antagonize an overreacting innate immune system. Therefore, commensal gut bacteria-derived LPS could prevent from uncontrolled intestinal immune response in the intestine which makes LPS an attractive therapeutical approach to treat e.g. IBD. 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
机译：革兰氏阴性细菌的脂多糖（LPS）是宿主先天免疫系统最有效的刺激剂之一，而LPS识别对于宿主生物清除感染细菌病原体的感染至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了有关宿主细胞如何感测LPS以及不同的LPS结构如何差异性调节宿主免疫应答强度的最新研究。关于宿主通过识别病原体对LPS的免疫反应，以及病原体调节其LPS结构以逃避免疫系统的策略，已为人们所熟知。然而，关于肠道中共生细菌的脂多糖的差异感测以及其如何促进肠道稳态的表现或破坏的了解还很少。 LPS感应是对抗病原体所必需的。然而，对肠道共生细菌的LPS感测同时可能对遗传易感宿主不利，因为这可能会导致肠道稳态的破坏，从而导致慢性肠道炎症。然而，免疫原性较低的LPS还可作为拮抗过度反应的先天免疫系统的治疗剂。因此，源自肠道的共生细菌的LPS可以防止肠内不受控制的肠道免疫反应，这使得LPS成为一种有吸引力的治疗方法，例如治疗小肠结肠炎。 IBD。 2016作者。由Elsevier GmbH发布。这是CC BY-NC-ND许可下的开放获取文章

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