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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Modern Physics, C. Physics and Computers >Divergent evolution paths of different genetic families in the Penna model
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Divergent evolution paths of different genetic families in the Penna model

机译：Penna模型中不同遗传家族的发散进化路径

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摘要

We present some simulations results of population growth and evolution, using the standard asexual Penna model, with individuals characterized by a string of bits representing a genome containing some possible mutations. After about 20 000 simulation steps, when only a few genetic families are still present from among rich variety of families at the beginning of the simulation game, strong peaks in mutation distribution functions are observed. This known effect is due to evolution rules with hereditary mechanism. The birth and death balance in the simulation game also leads to elimination of families specified by different genomes. The number of families G(t) versus time t follow the power law, G proportional to t(n). Our results show the power coefficient exponent n is changing with time. Starting from about -1, smoothly achieves about -2 after hundreds of steps, and finally has semi-smooth transition to 0, when only one family exists in the environment. This is in contrast with constant it about -1 as found, for example, in Ref. 1. We suspect that this discrepancy may be due to two different time scales in simulations - initial stages follow the n approximate to -1 law, yet for large number of simulation steps we get n approximate to -2, provided the random initial population, was sufficiently big to allow for still reliable statistical analysis. The n approximate to -1 evolution stage seems to be associated with the Verhulst mechanism of population elimination due to the limited environmental capacity - when the standard evolution rules were modified, we observed a plateau (n = 0) in the power law in short time scale, again followed by n approximate to -2 law for longer times. The modified model uses birth rate controlled by the current population instead of the standard Verhulst death factor.
机译：我们使用标准的无性恋Penna模型，介绍了一些种群增长和进化的模拟结果，其中个体的特征是一串代表代表某些可能突变的基因组的位。经过大约2万个模拟步骤，当在模拟游戏开始时，仍然只有丰富的家族中的几个遗传家族存在时，观察到突变分布函数的强烈峰值。这种已知的作用是由于具有遗传机制的进化规则。模拟游戏中的生死平衡还导致消除了由不同基因组指定的家族。家庭数G（t）随时间t的变化遵循幂定律，G与t（n）成正比。我们的结果表明，功率系数指数n随着时间变化。从大约-1开始，经过几百个步骤，平滑地达到大约-2，并且当环境中只有一个家庭时，最终平滑过渡到0。与之相对的是，常数约为-1，例如在参考文献1中。 1.我们怀疑这种差异可能是由于模拟中的两个不同的时间尺度造成的-初始阶段遵循n近似于-1的定律，但是对于大量的模拟步骤，假设随机初始总体为n，则n近似为-2，足够大，可以进行可靠的统计分析。由于有限的环境容量，近似于-1演化阶段的n似乎与Verhulst种群消除机制有关-当修改标准演化规则时，我们在短时间内观察到幂定律处于平稳状态（n = 0）尺度，然后再跟随n约-2定律更长的时间。修改后的模型使用当前人口控制的出生率，而不是标准的Verhulst死亡因子。

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