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首页> 外文期刊>Bioethics >Do We Have A Moral Obligation to Synthesize Organisms to Increase Biodiversity? On Kinship, Awe, and the Value of Life's Diversity
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Do We Have A Moral Obligation to Synthesize Organisms to Increase Biodiversity? On Kinship, Awe, and the Value of Life's Diversity

机译：我们是否有道德义务合成生物以增加生物多样性？亲属关系，敬畏感和生命多样性的价值

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摘要

Synthetic biology can be understood as expanding the abilities and aspirations of genetic engineering. Nonetheless, whereas genetic engineering has been subject to criticism due to its endangering biodiversity, synthetic biology may actually appear to prove advantageous for biodiversity. After all, one might claim, synthesizing novel forms of life increases the numbers of species present in nature and thus ought to be ethically recommended. Two perspectives on how to spell out the conception of intrinsic value of biodiversity are examined in order to assess this line of thought. At the cost of introducing two separate capacities of human knowledge acquisition, the 'admiration stance' turns out to reject outright the assumption of a synthetic species' intrinsic value and of an imperative to create novel species. The 'kinship stance' by contrast does ascribe value to both synthetic and natural species and organisms. Nonetheless, while from this perspective creating novel species may become an ethical demand under certain conditions, it favours changing organisms by getting in contact with them rather than synthesizing them. It is concluded that neither the admiration nor the kinship stance warrants a supposed general moral obligation to create novel species to increase biodiversity.
机译：合成生物学可以理解为扩大基因工程的能力和愿望。尽管如此，尽管基因工程由于其危害生物多样性而受到批评，但合成生物学实际上似乎证明对生物多样性有利。毕竟，人们可能会说，合成新的生命形式会增加自然界中存在的物种的数量，因此应在伦理上予以推荐。为了评估这一思路，研究了关于如何阐明生物多样性内在价值概念的两种观点。以引入两种独立的人类知识获取能力为代价，“钦佩态度”最终直截了当地否定了合成物种的内在价值和创造新物种的必要条件。相比之下，“亲属立场”确实将价值归功于合成和自然物种及有机体。尽管如此，从这个角度看，创造新物种可能在某些条件下成为一种伦理要求，但它通过与生物接触而不是合成生物来支持改变生物。结论是，钦佩或亲属立场均不构成建立新物种以增加生物多样性的一般道德义务。

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