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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of osteoarchaeology >Palaeolithic human subsistence in Mount Carmel (Israel): A taphonomic assessment of middle and early upper palaeolithic faunal remains from Tabun, Skhul and el-Wad
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Palaeolithic human subsistence in Mount Carmel (Israel): A taphonomic assessment of middle and early upper palaeolithic faunal remains from Tabun, Skhul and el-Wad

机译：卡梅尔山（以色列）的旧石器时代人类生存：来自塔彭，斯库尔和瓦德瓦德的中，早期上古旧石器时代动物区系的考古学评估

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摘要

Detailed archaeozoological studies of Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic (250-40kya) faunal assemblages from Tabun, Skhul and el-Wad caves, located in Mount Carmel (Israel), are presented here, expanding on the previous palaeontological analyses carried out by Garrod and Bate in the 1930?s and by Garrard five decades later. Despite the well-known excavation bias of the older excavations, this study makes greater use of modern taphonomic techniques and statistical procedures, providing new palaeoeconomic insights into the subsistence behaviour of modern humans, Neanderthals and their predecessors in the Levant. The results show that anatomically modern humans (AMH) were more efficient at hunting and foraging in terms of human mobility as well as an incipient prey specialisation. In addition, different uses of the Tabun cave through time have been identified. Tabun B, initially considered as a palaeontological accumulation, was also occasionally accessed by Neanderthals in order to exploit naturally trapped ungulates, and there were sporadic and logistic occupations in Tabun D, one of the oldest Middle Palaeolithic assemblages in the area. Contrastingly, Tabun C showed a comparatively more residential use, which coincided with the new mobility capabilities of AMH. Whereas the intensity of human occupation at el-Wad varied through time, levels G and F showed very brief occupations in comparison with levels D and E, which showed abundant evidence of human activity.
机译：这里介绍了位于以色列卡梅尔山（Mount Carmel）（以色列）的塔蓬，斯库尔和瓦德洞穴的中古早中期（250-40kya）动物群的详细考古学研究，以先前的古生物学分析为基础在1930年代和加拉德（Garrard）五年后。尽管较老的挖掘有一个众所周知的挖掘偏见，但这项研究还是更多地利用了现代的分类技术和统计程序，为现代人类，尼安德特人及其在黎凡特的前辈的生存行为提供了新的古经济学见解。结果表明，就人类活动能力以及早期猎物的专长而言，解剖学上的现代人类（AMH）在狩猎和觅食方面效率更高。另外，已经确定了塔布恩洞穴随时间的不同用途。尼安德特人偶尔也访问过塔邦B（最初被认为是古生物堆积），以便利用自然捕获的有蹄类动物，而且塔邦D（该地区最古老的中古石器时代组合）也有零星的和后勤的职业。相比之下，Tapun C则显示了相对更多的住宅用途，这与AMH的新移动功能相吻合。瓦特瓦德（Wal-Wad）的人类占领强度随时间变化，而G和F级别的职业与D和E级别相比非常短暂，D和E级别具有丰富的人类活动证据。

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