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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Rural Management >Where are Tribals in Their Development? A Century of Indian Forest Legislations
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Where are Tribals in Their Development? A Century of Indian Forest Legislations

机译：部落在哪里发展？一个世纪的印度森林立法

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摘要

Historically, forest resources were being accessed and utilized predominantly by the forest dwelling tribal communities (FDTCs), but during the colonial regime and later by the State's interventions, accessibility and ownership on forests were being regularized and controlled through forest legislations. Over the century, forest acts and policies have claimed to conserve and provide the equitable and justifiable distribution of forest resources among the human populace. Ironically, the State has beenusing its eminent domain power to exclude FDTCs from their rights to livelihood and thereby from social equity and justice. In the pre- and post-independence periods, focus moved from the commercialization of forest resources to communities' livelihoodand participation in the forest governance. Laws are inherently centralized both at the planning and implementation levels and, therefore, hardly there is any scope for principles like social equity and justice for the local communities. This article attempts to address the trends in the forest policies and acts through a critical review and also by analyzing empirical studies on its formulation. In doing so, it will explore the major changes in the Indian forest policies and their relationship with therights and livelihood of FDTCs.
机译：从历史上看，森林资源主要是由居住在森林中的部落社区（FDTC）获取和利用的，但是在殖民政权时期以及后来国家的干预下，森林的可及性和所有权通过森林立法得以规范和控制。一个多世纪以来，森林法令和政策声称可以保护并在人类中公平和合理地分配森林资源。具有讽刺意味的是，国家一直在利用其显着的领域权力将FDTC排除在其生计权之外，从而将其排除在社会平等和正义之外。在独立前和独立后的时期，重点从森林资源的商业化转向社区的生计和参与森林治理。法律固有地集中在计划和实施级别，因此，几乎没有任何地方可适用诸如社会公平和地方社区正义之类的原则。本文试图应对森林政策的趋势，并通过严格的审查以及通过分析其制定的实证研究来采取行动。在此过程中，它将探讨印度森林政策的重大变化及其与FDTC权利和生计的关系。

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