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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Rural Management >Rural Transformation of a Village in Telangana, A Study of Dokur since 1970s
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Rural Transformation of a Village in Telangana, A Study of Dokur since 1970s

机译：泰兰加纳乡村的乡村转型，1970年以来的Dokur研究

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摘要

The structural changes taking place in villages are partly due to market forces and also because of public policy. The article examines the transformation and development of a village namely Dokur in Telangana, India which has undergone changes sincemid-1970s. The village was initially studied in 1975-1984 by the International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), but resurveyed from 2001 to 2014. There has been seen a significant change since 1980s in its livelihood diversity. Until the mid-1970s, there was more focus on green revolution technologies under the assumption that the trickle-down effect would take care of poverty. Hence, in the initial years, very few development programmes existed and were mostly focused on agriculture growth. Although public distribution system was in place from the mid 1970s, a new government initiative targeted poverty directly through a 20-point plan. From the 1990s, more specific schemes were introduced, which often targeted poor, scheduledcastes and tribes (SC and ST) and other backward castes (OBC) as well as small and marginal farmers also. After realizing that most of the benefits were captured by village elitesand large farmers, the focus shifted to self-targeting of various developments and social safety net programmes targeting lower castes and poorer households in the late 2000s, especially after the introduction of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural EmploymentGuarantee Act (MGNREGA). This was also an attempt to reduce gender bias in the programmes. The participation of poor, SC and ST and women increased after the self-targeting schemes were introduced in the country. The Public Distribution System (PDS), Indira Awas Yojana (IAY), pension schemes, complete sanitation programmes, agricultural input subsidy programme, million wells programmes, loan waiver scheme and the drought relief programmes had positive impacts on livelihoods, but with less targeting. Most of the gains from agricultural subsidies were enjoyed by medium and large farmers, although small SC and ST farmers benefited some what. However, all indicators show a systematic and considerable increase in living standards.
机译：村庄发生的结构性变化部分归因于市场力量，也归因于公共政策。本文考察了印度Telangana村庄Dokur的转型与发展，该村庄自1970年代中期以来发生了变化。该村庄最初是由国际半干旱热带作物研究所（ICRISAT）于1975-1984年进行研究的，但从2001年至2014年进行了重新调查。自1980年代以来，其生计多样性发生了重大变化。直到1970年代中期，在the流效应将解决贫困问题的假设下，人们更加关注绿色革命技术。因此，在最初的几年中，很少有发展计划，而主要集中在农业增长上。尽管从1970年代中期开始实行公共分配制度，但一项新的政府倡议直接通过20点计划来解决贫困问题。从1990年代开始，引入了更具体的计划，该计划通常针对贫困的预定播种者和部落（SC和ST）以及其他落后种姓（OBC），也针对小规模和边缘农民。在意识到大部分收益是由乡村精英和大农户获得的之后，重点便转向了针对各种发展和社会安全网计划的自我定位，这些计划在2000年代后期针对低等种姓和贫困家庭，特别是在引入圣雄甘地国家农村之后就业担保法（MGNREGA）。这也是试图减少方案中的性别偏见。在该国实行自我确定目标计划之后，穷人，SC和ST和妇女的参与有所增加。公共分配系统（PDS），Indira Awas Yojana（IAY），退休金计划，完整的卫生计划，农业投入补贴计划，百万口井计划，贷款减免计划和抗旱计划对生计产生了积极影响，但目标较少。农业补贴的大部分收益都由中型和大型农民享有，尽管小型南卡罗来纳州和南卡罗来纳州的农民从中受益。但是，所有指标均显示生活水平有系统且可观的提高。

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