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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Rural Management >Tanks, multiple uses and their political ecologies in West Bengal.
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Tanks, multiple uses and their political ecologies in West Bengal.

机译：西孟加拉邦的坦克，多种用途及其政治生态。

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摘要

Natural or man made tanks/village water bodies, which form a critical part of rural landscape in India, have been used traditionally as multiple use systems. Tank complexes, along with their water resources, are used for their land and biomass resources. Land-poor communities particularly depend on tanks/water bodies for livelihood and supplemental income generating activities. However, rights of access to these resources, tenure security and participation in decision making are often politically defined. The article uses the political ecology approach to study diverse uses as well user groups of tanks. This study, based on a survey carried out in five districts of West Bengal, reveals the nature of multiple uses, access patterns of user groups, institutions involved in tank management and their socio-political dynamics. The study establishes, first, strong presence of multiple uses and second, that beneficiary groups and their access patterns are defined according to political allegiance. Tank related benefits are part of larger patron-client relationships between beneficiary groups and Panchayat-Party combined. Based on their political capital, Schedule Castes and tribal group form the dominant beneficiary group but they have to reciprocate in various forms. Large farmers form the excluded group and their traditional land based irrigation rights on tank waters have been challenged and detached. Strong evidences of overlapping benefits, informalism and political alliance based inclusions/exclusions reveal the complex patterns of resource access. Thus study helps to understand inadequacies of 'scientific' tank management models which emphasize the dominant and prevalent single use (i.e., irrigation) perspectives and present a very 'apolitical' picture of natural resource utilization.
机译：天然或人造水箱/村庄水体是印度乡村景观的重要组成部分，传统上已被用作多种用途的系统。坦克联合体及其水资源被用于土地和生物质资源。土地匮乏的社区特别依靠水箱/水体维持生计和补充创收活动。但是，通常在政治上界定获取这些资源，权属安全和参与决策的权利。本文使用政治生态学方法研究坦克的多种用途以及用户群体。这项研究基于在西孟加拉邦五个地区进行的一项调查，揭示了多种用途的性质，用户群体的使用方式，参与储罐管理的机构及其社会政治动态。该研究首先建立了多种用途的强大存在，其次，根据政治效忠确定了受益群体及其获取方式。与储罐相关的福利是受益人团体与Panchayat-Party合并后的更大的顾客与顾客关系的一部分。附表种姓和部落集团基于其政治资本，构成了主要的受益群体，但他们必须以各种形式进行互惠。大农户被排除在外，他​​们传统的陆上基于槽罐水的灌溉权受到了挑战和脱离。利益重叠，非正式主义和基于政治联盟的列入/排除的有力证据揭示了资源获取的复杂模式。因此，研究有助于理解``科学''储罐管理模型的不足之处，该模型强调了占主导地位和普遍使用的单一用途（即灌溉）的观点，并展现了自然资源利用的非常``非政治性''的图景。

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