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Petrophysics studies of sedimentary rocks from a cross-hole seismic test site

机译：跨孔地震试验场沉积岩的岩石物理学研究

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In order to provide a site for studying in detail seismic wave propagation over a large range of frequencies through layered sedimentary rocks, four vertical boreholes of approximately 260 m depth and maximum distance apart of 95 m have been drilled through Jive cyclical sequences of shallow-dipping sandstone, mudrock and limestone formations in the Carboniferous Limestone series in northern England. Two of the boreholes were fully cored and a number of core samples from these were carefully preserved, at 1 m intervals in the first and at selected intervals in the second. Bulk density, porosity and P- and S-wave velocities and attenuation in the vertical and horizontal directions have been made on a total of 180 specimens from the preserved core samples. Permeability and electrical properties have been measured for the sandstone samples. Multiple linear regression equations have been derived relating the P- and S-wave velocities to porosity and clay content. These equations indicate the relative importance of increases in porosity and in clay content on decreases in all velocities, and the relative insensitivity to changes in clay content of PH- and SH-wave velocities. For the samples tested, the average anisotropy observed under in situ stress conditions is approximately 0.5% for limestones (porosities to 12%) and 5% for sandstones (porosities in the range 2 to 18%). For mudrocks (porosities in the range 2 to 15%), the average anisotropy is 21% for P waves and 27% for S waves. The results have been used to confirm the magnitudes of anisotropy observed in cross-hole seismic tomography at the site, in modelling the seismic response of sedimentary rocks with an appreciable clay content, and in modelling velocity dispersion and attenuation for rocks at the site over a wide range of frequencies. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. [References: 20]
机译：为了提供一个详细研究地震波在层状沉积岩中在较大频率范围内传播的场所，通过浅倾的Jive循环序列钻了四个深度约为260 m且最大距离为95 m的垂直钻孔英格兰北部石炭系石灰岩系列中的砂岩，泥岩和石灰岩地层。其中两个钻孔已完全取芯，并仔细保存了其中的许多岩心样品，第一个井眼间隔为1 m，第二个井眼间隔为选定的间隔。从保存的岩心样品中对总共180个样品进行了体积密度，孔隙率，P波和S波速度以及垂直和水平方向的衰减。已经测量了砂岩样品的渗透性和电性能。推导了多个线性回归方程，将P波和S波速度与孔隙率和粘土含量相关联。这些方程式表明，孔隙率和粘土含量的增加对所有速度的降低都具有相对重要性，而PH和SH波速度对粘土含量的变化相对不敏感。对于测试的样品，在原位应力条件下观察到的平均各向异性对于石灰石约为0.5％（孔隙度为12％），对于砂岩约为5％（孔隙率2至18％）。对于泥岩（孔隙度在2％到15％范围内），P波的平均各向异性为21％，S波的平均各向异性为27％。结果已用于确认在现场的跨孔地震层析成像中观察到的各向异性大小，对具有可观的粘土含量的沉积岩的地震响应进行建模以及对场地上某区域的岩石的速度弥散和衰减进行建模的结果。频率范围广。 （C）1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. [参考：20]

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