Dealing with discontinuous innovation: the European experience

Bessant J

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Dealing with discontinuous innovation: the European experience

机译：处理不连续的创新：欧洲经验

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Recent research has drawn attention to problems with innovation management under conditions of discontinuity. For example, at certain times, the close interaction with players within the value network may act as a filter which blocks firms seeing the salience of new signals about emerging, but very different potential, technical or market trajectories. There is also the well-known issue of 'not invented here' suggesting that under conditions in which significant shifts occur in the technological trajectory existing incumbents often fail to capitalise or even to adopt. The problem is not simply one of missing important signals about emerging shifts in innovation trajectories in the environment. In a number of cases the information was available to the enterprise but its decision making and resource allocation processes failed to deal adequately with the new information. These and other experiences suggest that whilst firms can learn capabilities around what might be termed 'steady state' innovation conditions they need to extend these capabilities to deal with the uncertainties arising from discontinuous shifts in their technological, market or regulatory environments. This paper discusses some of the challenges around building such capability and presents some case study-based illustrations of experiments in progress.

机译：最近的研究引起了人们对不连续条件下创新管理问题的关注。例如，在某些时候，与价值网络内参与者之间的紧密互动可能会起到过滤作用，阻止公司看到有关新兴，但潜力，技术或市场轨迹的新信号的显着性。还有一个众所周知的“此处未发明”问题表明，在技术轨迹发生重大变化的情况下，现有任职者往往无法利用资本，甚至无法采用。问题不仅仅是缺少有关环境中创新轨迹正在发生变化的重要信号之一。在许多情况下，信息可供企业使用，但是其决策和资源分配过程未能充分处理新信息。这些经验和其他经验表明，尽管企业可以围绕所谓的“稳态”创新条件学习能力，但他们需要扩展这些能力以应对因技术，市场或监管环境的不连续变化而产生的不确定性。本文讨论了围绕建立这种能力的一些挑战，并提供了一些基于案例研究的实验示例。

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《International Journal of Technology Management: The Journal of the Technology Management of Technology, Engineering Management, Technology Policy and Strategy》 |2008年第2期|共15页
作者
Bessant J;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类工业企业组织与管理;
关键词
discontinuous innovation; search routines; open innovation; INDUSTRY; FIRM;

机译：不连续创新;搜索例程;开放式创新;行业;FIRM;

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7. Pyramidal groups, in Italy and elsewhere, represent a model of separation of ownership and control. Pyramids typically have blockholders which extract private benefits of control at the expenses of minority shareholder. This paper focuses on the Italian case where the number of pyramids is reducing but are still largely diffused. Groups are a form of entrenchment and may have negative effects on firm growth. They are characterized by conflicts of interest and self-dealing practices which reduced external financing opportunities. In this paper legal regulation of groups in Italy is discussed, which has positive aspects (art. 2497 ss. c.c.) but some weaknesses on self-dealing practices (artt. 2391 and 2391-bis c.c.). Future reforms should take into consideration the guidelines given at European level (for instance, by the High Level Group of Company Law Experts and the European Commission), which have been set aside from the political agendas of mostly European governments. Moreover, we suggest to strengthen the process of (not only formal) disclosure of relevant information to the company shareholders’ as well, in order not to dismantle pyramids, but to make them “shorter” (when that is the case), more transparent and reciprocally competitive. [O] . Giacomo Bosi, Sandro Trento 100

机译：在意大利和其他地方的金字塔群体代表了所有权和控制权分离的模式。金字塔通常拥有大股东，以小股东的利益为代价提取控制权的私人利益。本文重点关注意大利案例，其中金字塔的数量在减少，但仍然在很大程度上分散。群体是一种壕沟形式，可能对企业的成长产生负面影响。它们的特点是利益冲突和自我交易做法，减少了外部融资机会。在本文中，讨论了意大利群体的法律规定，它具有积极的方面（第2497条，c.c。），但在自我交易实践方面存在一些弱点（第2391条和第2391条之二）。未来的改革应该考虑到欧洲层面的指导方针（例如，公司法专家和欧洲委员会的高级别小组），这些指导方针已被搁置在主要是欧洲政府的政治议程之外。此外，我们建议加强（不仅正式）向公司股东披露相关信息的过程，以便不拆除金字塔，而是使它们“更短”（在这种情况下），更透明并且相互竞争。

Dealing with discontinuous innovation: the European experience

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