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Tumor hypoxia and targeted gene therapy.

机译:肿瘤缺氧和靶向基因治疗。

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摘要

Hypoxia is an integral characteristic of the tumor microenvironment, primarily due to the microvascular defects that accompany the accelerated neoplastic growth. The presence of tumor hypoxic areas correlates with negative outcome after radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, as hypoxia not only provides an environment directly facilitating chemo- and radio-resistance, but also encourages the evolution of phenotypic changes inducing permanent resistance to treatment and metastatic spread. Therefore, successful treatment of hypoxic cells has the potential to not only improve local control but also impact overall patient survival. Specific and selective targeting of hypoxic tumor areas can be achieved at all three steps of a gene therapy treatment: delivery of the therapeutic gene to the tumor, regulation of gene expression, and therapeutic efficacy. In this review the latest developments and innovations in hypoxia-targeted gene therapy are discussed. In particular, approaches such as hypoxia-conditionally replicating viruses, cellular vehicles, and gene therapy means to disrupt the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling are outlined.
机译:缺氧是肿瘤微环境不可或缺的特征,主要是由于伴随肿瘤加速生长的微血管缺损。肿瘤缺氧区域的存在与放疗,化学疗法和手术后的阴性结果相关,因为缺氧不仅提供了直接促进化学和放射抗性的环境,而且还鼓励了表型变化的演变,从而引起对治疗和转移性转移的永久耐药性。因此,成功治疗缺氧细胞不仅可能改善局部控制,还可能影响患者的整体生存。缺氧肿瘤区域的特异性和选择性靶向可以在基因治疗的所有三个步骤中实现:将治疗性基因递送至肿瘤,调节基因表达和治疗功效。在这篇综述中,讨论了缺氧靶向基因治疗的最新发展和创新。特别地,概述了诸如低氧条件复制病毒,细胞载体和基因疗法等手段来破坏低氧诱导因子(HIF)信号传导的方法。

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