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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of nursing studies >Diabetes-related emotional distress in adults: Reliability and validity of the Norwegian versions of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID) and the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS)
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Diabetes-related emotional distress in adults: Reliability and validity of the Norwegian versions of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID) and the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS)

机译：成人与糖尿病相关的情绪困扰：糖尿病问题量表（PAID）和糖尿病困扰量表（DDS）的挪威语版本的信度和效度

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Background: Regular assessment of diabetes-related emotional distress is recommended to identify high-risk people with diabetes and to further prevent negative effects on self-management. Nevertheless, psychological problems are greatly under diagnosed. Translating and testing instruments for psychosocial assessment across languages, countries and cultures allow for further research collaboration and enhance the prospect of improving treatment and care. Objectives: To examine the psychometric properties of the Norwegian versions of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale and the Diabetes Distress Scale. Design: Cross-sectional survey design. Settings: A sample comprising adults with diabetes (response rate 71%) completed the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale and the Diabetes Distress Scale, which were translated into Norwegian with standard forward-backwards translation. Participants: The study included 292 participants with type 1 (80%) and type 2 diabetes (20%) aged 18-69 years, 58% males, mean diabetes duration 17.3 years (11.6), mean HbA 1c 8.2% (1.6). Methods: We used exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring and varimax rotation to investigate the factor structure and performed confirmatory factor analysis to test the best fit of a priori-defined models. Convergent and discriminate validity were examined using the Short Form-36 Health Survey, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and demographic and disease-related clinical variables. We explored reliability by internal consistency and test-retest analysis. Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported a four-factor model for the Diabetes Distress Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the data and the hypothesized model for the Diabetes Distress Scale fit acceptably but not for the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale. Greater distress assessed with both instruments correlated moderately with lower health-related quality of life and greater anxiety and depression. The instruments discriminated between those having additional health conditions or disabilities, foot problems or neuropathy. Women and participants with higher HbA 1c levels reported significantly higher diabetes-related emotional distress. Conclusions: The Norwegian versions of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale and the Diabetes Distress Scale have satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used to map diabetes-related emotional distress for diagnostic or clinical use. The Diabetes Distress Scale also contributes to identifying sub-domains of distress and seems promising for use in clinical trials.
机译：背景：建议定期评估与糖尿病有关的情绪困扰，以识别高危糖尿病患者，并进一步预防对自我管理的负面影响。尽管如此，心理问题仍未得到充分诊断。跨语言，国家和文化的心理社会评估工具的翻译和测试可以促进进一步的研究合作，并提高改善治疗和护理的前景。目的：检查糖尿病量表和糖尿病困扰量表的挪威版问题领域的心理计量学特性。设计：横断面调查设计。地点：包括成人糖尿病患者（答复率为71％）的样本完成了糖尿病量表和糖尿病困扰量表的问题区域，并通过标准的前后翻译将其翻译成挪威语。参与者：这项研究包括292名年龄在18-69岁之间的1型（80％）和2型糖尿病（20％），男性58％，平均糖尿病病程17.3年（11.6），平均HbA 1c 8.2％（1.6）的参与者。方法：我们使用探索性因子分析，主轴因子分解和varimax旋转来研究因子结构，并进行验证性因子分析以检验先验定义模型的最佳拟合。使用简短的36型健康调查，医院焦虑症和抑郁量表以及人口统计学和疾病相关的临床变量检查了收敛性和区分性有效性。我们通过内部一致性和重新测试分析来探索可靠性。结果：探索性因素分析支持糖尿病困扰量表的四因素模型。验证性因素分析表明，糖尿病困扰量表的数据和假设模型适合接受，但不适用于糖尿病量表的问题区域。使用这两种仪器评估的更大痛苦与健康相关的生活质量降低，焦虑和抑郁感增加适度相关。该仪器区分具有其他健康状况或残疾，脚部问题或神经病的仪器。妇女和HbA 1c水平较高的参与者报告糖尿病相关的情绪困扰明显更高。结论：糖尿病问题量表和糖尿病困扰量表的挪威语版本具有令人满意的心理计量学特性，可用于绘制与糖尿病有关的情绪困扰图，以用于诊断或临床用途。糖尿病困扰量表也有助于确定困扰的子域，并且有望用于临床试验。

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