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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Zoology >Do orientation-based differences in nestbox temperature cause differential ectoparasite load and explain patterns of nest-site selection and offspring condition in great tits?
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Do orientation-based differences in nestbox temperature cause differential ectoparasite load and explain patterns of nest-site selection and offspring condition in great tits?

机译：巢箱温度中基于方向的差异会导致不同的外寄生虫负荷，并解释大山雀的巢位选择和后代条件吗？

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摘要

Nest ectoparasites have been linked previously to patterns of nest-site choice and breeding success in birds. Recent research has shown nestboxes facing south-southwest are occupied less frequently by great tits (Parus major) than identical boxes facing other directions, and are associated with reduced offspring condition. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that these findings are due to ectoparasite load being directionally nonuniform, possibly because of nonuniformity in nestbox internal temperature. Nests contained, in order of prevalence, hen fleas (Ceratophyllus gallinae), haematophagous blowflies (Protocalliphora spp.), biting lice (Ischnocera), and ticks/mites (Acari). Although southwest-facing nestboxes were significantly warmer than other boxes, there was no directional difference in total ectoparasite load or abundance of particular species. Similarly, there was no relationship between abundance of any ectoparasite species (either per-nest or per-chick) and avian offspring condition determined using wing length or relative mass. We discuss several possible, nonmutually exclusive, explanations for this, including compensatory responses, costs of parasitism being transferred to parents, and condition-dependent effects.Digital Object Identifier http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/514913
机译：巢外寄生物以前已经与鸟的巢位选择和繁殖成功的模式联系在一起。最近的研究表明，西南面的巢箱被大山雀（ Parus major ）占据的频率要比其他方向的巢箱少，并且与后代条件减少相关。在这里，我们调查以下假设：这些发现是由于体外寄生虫的负荷在方向上不均匀，可能是由于巢箱内部温度不均匀所致。巢中按流行顺序包括母鸡跳蚤（ Ceratophyllus gallinae ），食血性蝇blow（ Protocalliphora spp。），咬虱（Ischnocera）和s / mites（Acari） 。尽管面向西南的巢箱比其他巢箱要温暖得多，但总的体外寄生虫负荷或特定物种的丰度没有方向差异。同样，在任何种类的寄生虫（每巢或每只小鸡）的丰度与使用翼长或相对质量确定的禽后代之间也没有关系。我们讨论了对此的几种可能的，互斥的解释，包括补偿性反应，转移给父母的寄生虫的费用以及与条件有关的影响。Digital Object Identifier http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/514913

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