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首页> 外文期刊>Invertebrate Reproduction & Development >THE SIGNAL CASCADE FOR THE ACTIVATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DURING THE MATURATION OF STARFISH OOCYTES - A ROLE FOR PROTEIN KINASE C AND HOMOLOGIES WITH MATURATION IN XENOPUS AND MAMMALIAN OOCYTES
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THE SIGNAL CASCADE FOR THE ACTIVATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DURING THE MATURATION OF STARFISH OOCYTES - A ROLE FOR PROTEIN KINASE C AND HOMOLOGIES WITH MATURATION IN XENOPUS AND MAMMALIAN OOCYTES

机译：在海星卵卵母细胞成熟过程中激活蛋白质合成的信号级联-蛋白质激酶C和同源性在希诺普斯和哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟中的作用。

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The goal of a growing oocyte is to prepare the female gamete for the rapid cleavages that follow fertilization. The oocyte stores proteins and mRNAs required for meiosis and mitosis, since little or no transcription of new mRNAs occurs during the early cleavage stages of most animal embryos. Immature oocytes of mammals, amphibians, and starfish are arrested in the prophase of meiosis I. Meiotic maturation of these oocytes is induced by a maturation hormone that reinitiates meiosis, completes the nuclear reduction of meiosis I and meiosis II, prepares the oocytes for activation by the male gametes, and activates stores of proteins and mRNAs needed for the early cleavage stages. Maturation hormones induce at least three distinct and parallel molecular pathways in animal oocytes: the activation of the maturation promotion factor (MPF); the activation and polyadenylation of mRNAs stored during oogenesis; the activation of the protein synthesis machinery of the oocyte, which is required to translate the newly activated mRNAs. We review here (1) biological changes that occur during oocyte maturation, (2) signal pathways that stimulate and coordinate maturation in starfish, Xenopus, and mammalian oocytes, (3) components of the protein synthesis machinery that are activated during oocyte maturation, including (4) the phosphorylation of mRNA cap binding protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 4 (eIF-4E), and (5) a potential role for protein kinase C in phosphorylating eIF-4E and activating MPF in starfish oocytes. Finally, we propose that the modulation of a trimeric G-protein leads to the observed decrease in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the subsequent activation of a pivotal serine/threonine kinase that activates MPF, stored mRNAs, and the protein synthesis machinery.
机译：生长卵母细胞的目的是为雌性配子做好准备，使其在受精后迅速分裂。卵母细胞存储减数分裂和有丝分裂所需的蛋白质和mRNA，因为在大多数动物胚胎的卵裂初期，很少或没有新mRNA的转录。哺乳动物，两栖动物和海星的未成熟卵母细胞在减数分裂I的前期被捕杀。这些卵母细胞的减数分裂成熟是由成熟激素引起的，激素重新激活减数分裂，完成了减数分裂I和减数分裂II的核还原，为通过活化而准备的卵母细胞做好了准备。雄配子，并激活早期裂解阶段所需的蛋白质和mRNA的存储。成熟激素在动物卵母细胞中诱导至少三种不同且平行的分子途径：成熟促进因子（MPF）的激活;促卵母细胞的成熟。卵子发生过程中储存的mRNA的活化和多聚腺苷酸化;激活卵母细胞的蛋白质合成机制，这是翻译新激活的mRNA所必需的。我们在这里回顾（1）卵母细胞成熟过程中发生的生物学变化;（2）刺激和协调海星，爪蟾和哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟的信号途径;（3）卵母细胞成熟过程中激活的蛋白质合成机制的组成部分，包括（4）mRNA帽结合蛋白，真核起始因子4（eIF-4E）的磷酸化，以及（5）蛋白激酶C在磷酸化eIF-4E和激活海星卵母细胞中MPF的潜在作用。最后，我们提出三聚体G蛋白的调节导致环状单磷酸腺苷（cAMP）水平的下降，以及随后激活MPF，存储的mRNA和蛋白质合成机制的关键丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的激活。

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