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首页> 外文期刊>Investigative radiology >Perfusion estimation using contrast-enhanced 3-Dimensional subharmonic ultrasound imaging: An in vivo study
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Perfusion estimation using contrast-enhanced 3-Dimensional subharmonic ultrasound imaging: An in vivo study

机译：使用对比增强的三维次谐波超声成像进行灌注估计：一项体内研究

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摘要

Objectives: The ability to estimate tissue perfusion (in milliliter per minute per gram) in vivo using contrast-enhanced 3-dimensional (3D) harmonic and subharmonic ultrasound imaging was investigated. Materials and Methods: A LOGIQ? 9 scanner (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) equipped with a 4D10L probe was modified to perform 3D harmonic imaging (HI; ftransmit, 5 MHz and freceive, 10 MHz) and subharmonic imaging (SHI; ftransmit, 5.8 MHz and freceive, 2.9 MHz). In vivo imaging was performed in the lower pole of both kidneys in 5 open-abdomen canines after injection of the ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, N Billerica, MA). The canines received a 5-μL/kg bolus injection of Definity for HI and a 20-μL/kg bolus for SHI in triplicate for each kidney. Ultrasound data acquisition was started just before the injection of UCA (to capture the wash-in) and continued until washout. A microvascular staining technique based on stable (nonradioactive) isotope-labeled microspheres (Biophysics Assay Laboratory, Inc, Worcester, MA) was used to quantify the degree of perfusion in each kidney (the reference standard). Ligating a surgically exposed branch of the renal arteries induced lower perfusion rates. This was followed by additional contrast-enhanced imaging and microsphere injections to measure post-ligation perfusion. Slice data were extracted from the 3D ultrasound volumes and used to generate time-intensity curves offline in the regions corresponding to the tissue samples used for microvascular staining. The midline plane was also selected from the 3D volume (as a quasi-2-dimensional [2D] image) and compared with the 3D imaging modes. Perfusion was estimated from the initial slope of the fractional blood volume uptake (for both HI and SHI) and compared with the reference standard using linear regression analysis. Results: Both 3D HI and SHI were able to provide visualization of flow and, thus, perfusion in the kidneys. However, SHI provided near-complete tissue suppression and improved visualization of the UCA flow. Microsphere perfusion data were available for 4 canines (1 was excluded because of an error with the reference blood sample) and showed a mean (SD) perfusion of 9.30 (6.60) and 5.15 (3.42) mL/min per gram before and after the ligation, respectively. The reference standard showed significant correlation with the overall 3D HI perfusion estimates (r = 0.38; P = 0.007), but it correlated more strongly with 3D SHI (r = 0.62; P < 0.001). In addition, these results showed an improvement over the quasi-2D HI and SHI perfusion estimates (r = -0.05 and r = 0.14) and 2D SHI perfusion estimates previously reported by our group (r = 0.57). Conclusions: In this preliminary study, 3D contrast-enhanced nonlinear ultrasound was able to quantify perfusion in vivo. Three-dimensional SHI resulted in better overall agreement with the reference standard than 3D HI did and was superior to previously reported 2D SHI results. Three-dimensional SHI outperforms the other methods for estimating blood perfusion because of the improved visualization of the complete perfused vascular networks.
机译：目的：研究了使用增强的3维（3D）谐波和亚谐波超声成像估计体内组织灌注（以毫升/分钟/克为单位）的能力。材料和方法：LOGIQ？修改了配备4D10L探头的9扫描仪（GE Healthcare，密尔沃基，威斯康星州）以执行3D谐波成像（HI; ftransmission，5 MHz和freceive，10 MHz）和次谐波成像（SHI; ftransmission，5.8 MHz和freceive，2.9 MHz ）。注射超声造影剂（UCA）Definity后，在5个开放式犬的双肾的下极进行了体内成像（Lantheus Medical Imaging，N Billerica，MA）。对于每只肾脏，犬对HI均接受5μL/ kg推注Definity注射，对SHI则接受20μL/ kg推注。超声波数据采集就在注射UCA之前开始（以捕获洗剂），并一直持续到洗出为止。基于稳定的（非放射性）同位素标记的微球的微血管染色技术（生物物理学测定实验室，Inc.，马萨诸塞州伍斯特）用于量化每个肾脏的灌注程度（参考标准）。结扎手术暴露的肾动脉分支引起较低的灌注率。随后进行额外的对比增强成像和微球注射以测量结扎后灌注。从3D超声体积中提取切片数据，并在对应于用于微血管染色的组织样品的区域中离线生成时间强度曲线。还从3D体积中选择中线平面（作为准2维[2D]图像），并与3D成像模式进行比较。从分数血容量摄取的初始斜率（HI和SHI）估计灌注，并使用线性回归分析将其与参考标准进行比较。结果：3D HI和SHI都能够提供血流的可视化，从而在肾脏中进行灌注。但是，SHI提供了几乎完全的组织抑制作用，并改善了UCA血流的可视化。可得到4个犬的微球灌注数据（由于参考血样有误，因此排除了1个），并显示了结扎前后每克的平均（SD）灌注为每克9.30（6.60）和5.15（3.42）mL / min ， 分别。参考标准与总体3D HI灌注估计值显示显着相关性（r = 0.38; P = 0.007），但与3D SHI的相关性更强（r = 0.62; P <0.001）。此外，这些结果显示了优于我们组先前报告的准2D HI和SHI灌注估计值（r = -0.05和r = 0.14）和2D SHI灌注估计值（r = 0.57）。结论：在这项初步研究中，3D对比增强型非线性超声能够定量体内灌注。三维SHI与3D HI相比，与参考标准的整体一致性更好，并且优于以前报道的2D SHI结果。三维SHI优于其他估计血液灌注的方法，因为可以更好地显示完整的灌注血管网络。

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