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Use of DRI and HBI in electric furnace steelmaking: Quality and cost considerations

机译：在电炉炼钢中使用DRI和HBI：质量和成本方面的考虑

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摘要

As electric furnace steelmaking becomes more efficient and new technologies like thin slab and near-net shape casting become more widespread, the availability of low residual scrap will continue to decline. Without an alternate source of clean iron units, it will become more and more difficult to use the more abundant and low cost grades of scrap without exceeding restrictions on residuals content in steel products. DRI and HBI make it possible to produce steels which comply with the most stringent quality requirements, while offering additional benefits such as predictability and uniformity. The energy from the DRI carbon content, as well as the possibility of hot charging DRI to the electric arc furnace, introduce further benefits in terms of productivity and savings in furnace electricity requirements. By using DRI as a complementary charge to various scrap grades, calculations can be made which will result in the best quality metallics charge at the lowest overall cost. Due to the limited availability and high price of low residual scrap, current demand for DRI and HBI in the U.S. is more than three times the available supply, and is expected to increase within the coming two years. The per ton cost of DRI and HBI, including capital costs, is competitive with the highest grades of scrap. The increased demand for DRI and HBI can only be satisfied by companies willing to invest, solely or as joint ventures, in new direct reduction plants either within the U.S. or offshore.
机译：随着电炉炼钢效率的提高以及薄板坯和近净形铸造等新技术的普及，低残留废料的可用性将继续下降。如果没有替代性的清洁铁装置资源，使用越来越丰富和低成本等级的废钢而又不超出钢铁产品中残留物含量的限制将变得越来越困难。 DRI和HBI使生产符合最严格质量要求的钢成为可能，同时还提供了诸如可预测性和均匀性之类的其他好处。 DRI碳含量产生的能量，以及将DRI热装到电弧炉中的可能性，在生产率和节省炉电方面都带来了更多好处。通过将DRI用作各种废料等级的补充装料，可以进行计算，从而以最低的总成本获得最优质的金属装料。由于有限的可用性和低残留废料的高价格，美国目前对DRI和HBI的需求是可用供应量的三倍以上，并且预计在未来两年内将会增加。 DRI和HBI的每吨成本（包括资本成本）与最高等级的废料具有竞争力。对DRI和HBI的需求增加只能由愿意单独或作为合资企业投资于美国境内或境外新的直接还原工厂的公司来满足。

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