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WATER SAVING IRRIGATION IN CHINA

机译：中国节水灌溉

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摘要

Per capita freshwater availability in China is among the lowest in the world and increasingly in short supply. Less water will be available for irrigation, which consumes the largest amount of fresh water because of the rapidly increased demands for fresh water for industrial and domestic use. To feed the increasing population under the conditions of keeping sound ecosystems and environment, there is an urgent need for China to produce more food with less water than for many other countries in the world. In recent decades China has pioneered some water saving policies and water saving irrigation (WSI) techniques, aimed at increasing water and land productivity. Policies for WSI from high level support conducive institutional development, leading tomaximization of the effects of agricultural infrastructure, and of successful research on, and dissemination of, new technologies. There are many success stories about "real" water savings in China. This paper introduces the development of the WSI techniques and the impacts of WSI on society, the economy and the environment, and presents the experiences and lessons on WSI from China. Based on the analysis on the supply and demand of fresh water, the objectives and tasks for water saving from irrigated agriculture in China are discussed, and the strategies for sustainable water use and agricultural development and the main measures leading to increasing water and land productivity are mentioned.
机译：中国的人均淡水供应量是世界上最低的之一，而且供应短缺的情况也越来越多。可用于灌溉的水将减少，由于工业和家庭对淡水的需求迅速增加，因此灌溉消耗的淡水量最大。为了在保持良好生态系统和环境的条件下养活不断增长的人口，与世界上许多其他国家相比，中国迫切需要以更少的水生产更多的粮食。最近几十年来，中国率先提出了节水政策和节水灌溉（WSI）技术，旨在提高水和土地生产力。高级别的WSI政策支持有利的机构发展，从而最大程度地发挥农业基础设施的作用，并成功地研究和传播新技术。关于中国“真正”节水的成功案例很多。本文介绍了WSI技术的发展以及WSI对社会，经济和环境的影响，并介绍了中国在WSI方面的经验教训。在分析淡水供需的基础上，讨论了中国灌溉农业节水的目标和任务，提出了可持续用水和农业发展的战略以及提高水和土地生产力的主要措施。提到。

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