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Gas hydrate and free gas detection using seismic quality factor estimates from high-resolution P-cable 3D seismic data

机译：使用高分辨率P电缆3D地震数据中的地震品质因数估算来进行天然气水合物和游离气检测

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摘要

We have estimated the seismic attenuation in gas hydrate and free-gas-bearing sediments from high-resolution P-cable 3D seismic data from the Vestnesa Ridge on the Arctic continental margin of Svalbard. P-cable data have a broad bandwidth (20–300 Hz), which is extremely advantageous in estimating seismic attenuation in a medium. The seismic quality factor (Q), the inverse of seismic attenuation, is estimated from the seismic data set using the centroid frequency shift and spectral ratio (SR) methods. The centroid frequency shift method establishes a relationship between the change in the centroid frequency of an amplitude spectrum and the Q value of a medium. The SR method estimates the Q value of a medium by studying the differential decay of different frequencies. The broad bandwidth and short offset characteristics of the P-cable data set are useful to continuously map the Q for different layers throughout the 3D seismic volume. The centroid frequency shift method is found to be relatively more stable than the SR method. Q values estimated using these two methods are in concordance with each other. The Q data document attenuation anomalies in the layers in the gas hydrate stability zone above the bottom-simulating reflection (BSR) and in the free gas zone below. Changes in the attenuation anomalies correlate with small-scale fault systems in the Vestnesa Ridge suggesting a strong structural control on the distribution of free gas and gas hydrates in the region. We argued that high and spatially limited Q anomalies in the layer above the BSR indicate the presence of gas hydrates in marine sediments in this setting. Hence, our workflow to analyze Q using high-resolution P-cable 3D seismic data with a large bandwidth could be a potential technique to detect and directly map the distribution of gas hydrates in marine sediments.
机译：我们已经从斯瓦尔巴特群岛北极边缘的Vestnesa山脊的高分辨率P电缆3D地震数据中估算了天然气水合物和含游离气沉积物中的地震衰减。 P电缆数据具有较宽的带宽（20–300 Hz），这在估计介质中的地震衰减方面非常有利。地震质量因数（Q）是地震衰减的倒数，是使用质心频移和频谱比（SR）方法从地震数据集中估算的。质心频移方法建立了振幅谱的质心频率的变化与介质的Q值之间的关系。 SR方法通过研究不同频率的微分衰减来估计介质的Q值。 P电缆数据集的宽带宽和短偏移特性可用于在3D地震体中连续映射不同层的Q。发现质心频移方法比SR方法相对更稳定。使用这两种方法估计的Q值彼此一致。 Q数据记录了底部模拟反射（BSR）上方的天然气水合物稳定区和下方的自由气体区中各层的衰减异常。衰减异常的变化与Vestnesa Ridge的小型断层系统有关，这表明该地区的自由气体和天然气水合物的分布受到了强有力的结构控制。我们认为，BSR上方层中的高Q值和空间有限的Q异常表明在这种情况下海洋沉积物中存在天然气水合物。因此，我们的工作流使用具有较大带宽的高分辨率P电缆3D地震数据来分析Q可能是检测和直接绘制海洋沉积物中天然气水合物分布的一种潜在技术。

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