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首页> 外文期刊>Israel Journal of Plant Sciences >Evolution of wild barley at 'Evolution Canyon': adaptation, speciation, pre-agricultural collection, and barley improvement
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Evolution of wild barley at 'Evolution Canyon': adaptation, speciation, pre-agricultural collection, and barley improvement

机译：“进化峡谷”野生大麦的演变：适应，物种形成，农业前采集和大麦改良

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摘要

The present paper reviews the state of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare, in Old World agriculture and its domestication through its progenitor, wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum. It focuses on the adaptation, incipient sympatric speciation, and domestication of H. spontaneum in the Evolution Canyon model. The Evolution Canyon, at lower Nahal Oren, Mount Carmel, Israel, reveals evolution in action at a microsite caused by interslope microclimatic divergence across life from viruses and bacteria through fungi, plants, and animals including mammals. The interslope adaptive complexes of H. spontaneum at Evolution Canyon include genetic diversity, drought resistance by dehydrin I, rhizosphere bacteria, and Eibi I gene promoter. Isa defense locus and vitamin E components also diverge between the opposite tropical and temperate abutting slopes. A highly likely pre-agricultural collection site of H. spontaneum is described on the Natufian cemetery of the Oren and Um Usba caves in Evolution Canyon. Finally, the paper briefly reviews the remarkable interslope incipient sympatric speciation of H. spontaneum at Evolution Canyon, as is true for other organisms such as bacteria, Drosophila, and spiny mice, Acomys. Sympatric ecological speciation is still controversial and Evolution Canyon provides an appropriate site to explore it in H. spontaneum and other organisms across life.
机译：本文综述了旧世界农业中的大麦栽培大麦的状况及其通过其祖先野生大麦自发大麦的驯化。它着重于进化峡谷模型中自发H. spontaneum的适应性，初期同胞物种形成和驯化。位于以色列卡梅尔山Nahal Oren下游的Evolution Canyon揭示了一个微场所的活动进化，该微场所是由于生命中从微生物和病毒到真菌，植物以及包括哺乳动物在内的动物的跨坡微气候差异而引起的。在进化峡谷的自发H. slopes适应复合物包括遗传多样性，脱水素I，根际细菌和Eibi I基因启动子的抗旱性。 Isa防御位点和维生素E成分也在相对的热带和温带邻接坡度之间发散。在进化峡谷的Oren和Um Usba洞穴的纳图夫公墓中描述了一个很可能是自发H.的农业集散地。最后，本文简要回顾了进化峡谷中自发H. spontaneum的非同寻常的斜坡间同伴形态，这对于其他生物如细菌，果蝇和多刺小鼠Acomys也是如此。同胞的生态物种形态仍然是有争议的，而进化峡谷提供了一个合适的场所来探索自发性嗜血杆菌和整个生命中的其他生物。

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